python访问数据库api接口的方法（python如何写api接口）

1. 适用版本

适用于rpa2020.4以及以上版本，

2. 接口 api 手册

调用方式及字段，请参考论坛手册：

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3. python 调用代码

如果想用机器人来调 api 接口，可参考以下代码，其它语言逻辑一样:

import json

import time

import requests

from urllib import parse

import hmac

import base64

from hashlib import sha256

def rpa_rest_2020_4(host='',rest_type='',data_json=none,mode='',port=443,accesstoken=none,retry=2):

    '''

    host:地址，str型，示例：'https://192.168.202.11'

    rest_type:str型，接口类型，示例：'/oapi/v1/job/create'

    data_json:字典型，发送的报文数据json格式

    mode:接口请求方式（get、post、delete及put）

    port:int型，https端口

    retry:int型，重试次数

    返回值：get_field_json:字典型，

    '''

    get_field_json={'code': 40, 'msg': 'fail,意外情况','result':none}

    #url参数转换

    def json2params(data_json):

        get_field_json={'code': 41, 'msg': 'fail,转换url参数失败！','result':none}

        try:

            data_json=json.loads(data_json)

            url_str = ''

            nums = 0

            max_nums = len(data_json)

            for key in data_json:

                nums += 1

                if nums == max_nums:

                    url_str += str(key) + '=' + str(data_json[key])

                else:            

                    url_str += str(key) + '=' + str(data_json[key]) + '&'

        except exception as e:

            print('参数转化失败：',e)

            url_str=''

        finally:

            return url_str

    if mode != 'get' and mode != 'put' and mode != 'post' and mode != 'delete':

        get_field_json={'code': 42, 'msg': 'fail,mode错误,只能为get、put、post或delete！','result':none}

        return get_field_json

    #获得签名sign

    sign = ''

    sign_yc = ''

    url = host

    if port != 443:

        url = url + ':' + str(port)

    url += rest_type

    timestamp = none

    #获取签名值sign：

    try:

        get_field_json={'code': 41, 'msg': 'fail,获取签名失败！','result':none}

        #获得毫秒级时间戳（时间出入不能大于10分钟）

        timestamp=str(int(round(time.time() * 1000)))

        #处理json数据不为str类型的情况

        for key in data_json:

            data_json[key]=str(data_json[key])

        #json排序

        data_json=json.dumps(data_json,sort_keys=true)

        #构造源串sign_yc

        if mode == 'get':

            json_str=json2params(data_json)

            sign_yc=json_str + '&token=' + accesstoken + '×tamp=' + timestamp

            url = url+'?'+json_str

        else:

            sign_yc=str(data_json) + '&token=' + accesstoken + '×tamp=' + timestamp

        print('源串：',sign_yc)

        print('url:',url)

        #url编码

        url_bm = parse.quote(sign_yc, encoding="utf-8")

        #sha256加密密码

        byte_key = bytes(accesstoken, encoding="utf-8")

        byte_url_bm = bytes(url_bm, encoding="utf-8")

        hn256 = hmac.new(byte_key, byte_url_bm, digestmod=sha256)

        hh256 = hn256.hexdigest()

        #base64编码

        bb64 = base64.b64encode(bytes(hh256, encoding="utf-8"))

        #获取sign

        sign = str(bb64, "utf-8")

        #替换rn

        sign=sign.replace('rn', '')

        print('签名值sign：',sign)

    except exception as e:

        print(e)

        return get_field_json

    #开始尝试发送api

    print('开始尝试发送api')

    for count in range(retry):

        print('尝试第',count+1,'次api请求任务。')

        try:

            print('开始尝试:',mode)

            #post、delete、put

            if mode!='get':

                header_dict = {'content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8','accesstoken':accesstoken,'timestamp':timestamp,'signature':sign}

                if mode=='post':

                    if rest_type == '/oapi/v1/job/create':

                        header_dict = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8','accesstoken':accesstoken,'timestamp':timestamp,'signature':sign}

                        json_str=json2params(data_json)

                        url = url+'?'+json_str

                        res = requests.post(url, data=str(data_json), headers=header_dict,verify=false)

                    else:

                        json_str=json2params(data_json)

                        url = url+'?'+json_str

                        header_dict = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8','accesstoken':accesstoken,'timestamp':timestamp,'signature':sign}

                        res = requests.post(url, data=str(data_json), headers=header_dict,verify=false)

                if mode=='put':

                    res = requests.put(url, data=str(data_json), headers=header_dict,verify=false)

                if mode=='delete':

                    res = requests.delete(url, data=str(data_json), headers=header_dict,verify=false)

            if mode=='get':

                header_dict = {'accesstoken':accesstoken,'timestamp':timestamp,'signature':sign}

                res = requests.get(url,headers=header_dict,verify=false)

            #获取返回值

            res_text=res.text

            #转化成json

            get_field_json=json.loads(res_text)

            print('请求成功！')

            break

        except exception as e:

            print('请求失败：',e)

            get_field_json={'code': 40, 'msg': 'fail,发送api失败！','result':none}

    return get_field_json

def get_token(host='',port='',accesskey='',secretkey='',retry=2):

    '''

    host:地址，str型，示例：'https://192.168.202.11'

    port:int型，https端口

    accesskey:str型，服务平台应用appkey

    secretkey:str型，服务平台应用appsecret

    retry:int型，重试次数

    '''

    get_field_json={'code': 44, 'msg': 'fail,获取token失败','result':none}

    for i in range(retry):

        try:

            url = host

            if port != 443:

                url = url + ':' + str(port)

            json_str='accesskey='+accesskey+'&secretkey='+secretkey

            url = url+'/oapi/v1/token?'+json_str

            res = requests.get(url,verify=false)

            res_text=res.text

            #转化成json

            get_field_json=json.loads(res_text)

            print('获取token，第'+str(i+1)+'次，成功')

            break

        except exception as e:

            print('获取token，第'+str(i+1)+'次，失败',e)

            time.sleep(1)

    return get_field_json        

def refresh_token(host='',port='',refleshtoken='',retry=2):

    '''

    host:地址，str型，示例：'https://192.168.202.11'

    port:int型，https端口

    refleshtoken:str型，刷新token

    retry:int型，重试次数

    '''

    get_field_json={'code': 44, 'msg': 'fail,刷新token失败','result':none}

    for i in range(retry):

        try:

            url = host

            if port != 443:

                url = url + ':' + str(port)

            json_str='refreshtoken='+refleshtoken

            url = url+'/oapi/v1/token?'+json_str

            res = requests.get(url,verify=false)

            res_text=res.text

            #转化成json

            get_field_json=json.loads(res_text)

            print('刷新token，第'+str(i+1)+'次，成功')

            break

        except exception as e:

            print('刷新token，第'+str(i+1)+'次，失败',e)

            time.sleep(1)

    return get_field_json

4. 其它平台或客户端调用

4.1 其它平台调用

按照第 4 章的逻辑自行写调用代码即可。

4.2 机器人调用

按照第 4 章添加一个全局函数，在需要调用的地方使用全局函数控件即可。

注：需要提前获取token后调用，如无第三方平台对接，获取的token可存在共享变量里，分配权限调用，参考下图：