详解C#如何读写config配置文件

配置文件概述：

应用程序配置文件是标准的 xml 文件，xml 标记和属性是区分大小写的。它是可以按需要更改的，开发人员可以使用配置文件来更改设置，而不必重编译应用程序。配置文件的根节点是configuration。我们经常访问的是appsettings，它是由.net预定义的配置节。我们经常使用的配置文件的架构是客诉下面的形式。先大概有个印象，通过后面的实例会有一个比较清楚的认识。下面的“配置节”可以理解为进行配置一个xml的节点。

对于一个config文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
 <appsettings>
 <add key="serverip" value="127.0.0.1"></add>
 <add key="database" value="warehousedb"></add>
 <add key="user" value="sa"></add>
 <add key="password" value="sa"></add>
 </appsettings>
</configuration> 

对config配置文件的读写类：

using system;
using system.collections.generic;
using system.linq;
using system.text;
using system.text.regularexpressions;
using system.configuration;
using system.servicemodel;
using system.servicemodel.configuration;

namespace netutilitylib
{
 public static class confighelper
 {
  //依据连接串名字connectionname返回数据连接字符串 
  public static string getconnectionstringsconfig(string connectionname)
  {
   //指定config文件读取
   string file = system.windows.forms.application.executablepath;
   system.configuration.configuration config = configurationmanager.openexeconfiguration(file);
   string connectionstring =
    config.connectionstrings.connectionstrings[connectionname].connectionstring.tostring();
   return connectionstring;
  }

  ///<summary> 
  ///更新连接字符串 
  ///</summary> 
  ///<param name="newname">连接字符串名称</param> 
  ///<param name="newconstring">连接字符串内容</param> 
  ///<param name="newprovidername">数据提供程序名称</param> 
  public static void updateconnectionstringsconfig(string newname, string newconstring, string newprovidername)
  {
   //指定config文件读取
   string file = system.windows.forms.application.executablepath;
   configuration config = configurationmanager.openexeconfiguration(file);

   bool exist = false; //记录该连接串是否已经存在 
   //如果要更改的连接串已经存在 
   if (config.connectionstrings.connectionstrings[newname] != null)
   {
    exist = true;
   }
   // 如果连接串已存在，首先删除它 
   if (exist)
   {
    config.connectionstrings.connectionstrings.remove(newname);
   }
   //新建一个连接字符串实例 
   connectionstringsettings mysettings =
    new connectionstringsettings(newname, newconstring, newprovidername);
   // 将新的连接串添加到配置文件中. 
   config.connectionstrings.connectionstrings.add(mysettings);
   // 保存对配置文件所作的更改 
   config.save(configurationsavemode.modified);
   // 强制重新载入配置文件的connectionstrings配置节 
   configurationmanager.refreshsection("connectionstrings");
  }

  ///<summary> 
  ///返回*.exe.config文件中appsettings配置节的value项 
  ///</summary> 
  ///<param name="strkey"></param> 
  ///<returns></returns> 
  public static string getappconfig(string strkey)
  {
   string file = system.windows.forms.application.executablepath;
   configuration config = configurationmanager.openexeconfiguration(file);
   foreach (string key in config.appsettings.settings.allkeys)
   {
    if (key == strkey)
    {
     return config.appsettings.settings[strkey].value.tostring();
    }
   }
   return null;
  }

  ///<summary> 
  ///在*.exe.config文件中appsettings配置节增加一对键值对 
  ///</summary> 
  ///<param name="newkey"></param> 
  ///<param name="newvalue"></param> 
  public static void updateappconfig(string newkey, string newvalue)
  {
   string file = system.windows.forms.application.executablepath;
   configuration config = configurationmanager.openexeconfiguration(file);
   bool exist = false;
   foreach (string key in config.appsettings.settings.allkeys)
   {
    if (key == newkey)
    {
     exist = true;
    }
   }
   if (exist)
   {
    config.appsettings.settings.remove(newkey);
   }
   config.appsettings.settings.add(newkey, newvalue);
   config.save(configurationsavemode.modified);
   configurationmanager.refreshsection("appsettings");
  }

  // 修改system.servicemodel下所有服务终结点的ip地址
  public static void updateservicemodelconfig(string configpath, string serverip)
  {
   configuration config = configurationmanager.openexeconfiguration(configpath);
   configurationsectiongroup sec = config.sectiongroups["system.servicemodel"];
   servicemodelsectiongroup servicemodelsectiongroup = sec as servicemodelsectiongroup;
   clientsection clientsection = servicemodelsectiongroup.client;
   foreach (channelendpointelement item in clientsection.endpoints)
   {
    string pattern = @"\b\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\b";
    string address = item.address.tostring();
    string replacement = string.format("{0}", serverip);
    address = regex.replace(address, pattern, replacement);
    item.address = new uri(address);
   }

   config.save(configurationsavemode.modified);
   configurationmanager.refreshsection("system.servicemodel");
  }

  // 修改applicationsettings中app.properties.settings中服务的ip地址
  public static void updateconfig(string configpath, string serverip)
  {
   configuration config = configurationmanager.openexeconfiguration(configpath);
   configurationsectiongroup sec = config.sectiongroups["applicationsettings"];
   configurationsection configsection = sec.sections["dataservice.properties.settings"];
   clientsettingssection clientsettingssection = configsection as clientsettingssection;
   if (clientsettingssection != null)
   {
    settingelement element1 = clientsettingssection.settings.get("dataservice_systemmanagerws_systemmanagerws");
    if (element1 != null)
    {
     clientsettingssection.settings.remove(element1);
     string oldvalue = element1.value.valuexml.innerxml;
     element1.value.valuexml.innerxml = getnewip(oldvalue, serverip);
     clientsettingssection.settings.add(element1);
    }

    settingelement element2 = clientsettingssection.settings.get("dataservice_equipmanagerws_equipmanagerws");
    if (element2 != null)
    {
     clientsettingssection.settings.remove(element2);
     string oldvalue = element2.value.valuexml.innerxml;
     element2.value.valuexml.innerxml = getnewip(oldvalue, serverip);
     clientsettingssection.settings.add(element2);
    }
   }
   config.save(configurationsavemode.modified);
   configurationmanager.refreshsection("applicationsettings");
  }

  private static string getnewip(string oldvalue, string serverip)
  {
   string pattern = @"\b\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\b";
   string replacement = string.format("{0}", serverip);
   string newvalue = regex.replace(oldvalue, pattern, replacement);
   return newvalue;
  }
 }
} 

测试代码如下：

 class program
 {
  static void main(string[] args)
  {
   try
   {
    //string file = system.windows.forms.application.executablepath + ".config";
    //string file1 = appdomain.currentdomain.setupinformation.configurationfile;
    string serverip = confighelper.getappconfig("serverip");
    string db = confighelper.getappconfig("database");
    string user = confighelper.getappconfig("user");
    string password = confighelper.getappconfig("password");

    console.writeline(serverip);
    console.writeline(db);
    console.writeline(user);
    console.writeline(password);

    confighelper.updateappconfig("serverip", "192.168.1.11");
    string newip = confighelper.getappconfig("serverip");
    console.writeline(newip);

    console.readkey();
   }
   catch (exception ex)
   {
    console.writeline(ex.message);
   }
  }
 }

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