C# 中SharpMap的简单使用实例详解

本文是利用shapmap实现gis的简单应用的小例子，以供学习分享使用。关于sharpmap的说明，网上大多是以shapefile为例进行简单的说明，就连官网上的例子也不多。本文是自己参考了源代码进行整理的，主要是winform的例子。原理方面本文也不过多论述，主要是实例演示，需要的朋友还是以sharpmap源码进行深入研究。

什么是sharpmap ?

sharpmap是一个基于.net 2.0使用c#开发的map渲染类库，可以渲染各类gis数据（目前支持esri shape和postgis格式），可应用于桌面和web程序。代码行数近10000行，可以算是一个实现了最基本功能的gis系统，有利于研究学习使用。

涉及知识点：

• sharpmap的基本概念：layer(图层,常用图层：vectorlayer,labellayer) ， iprovider(数据提供者,常用数据源：ogr(对应mapinfo),shapfile,datatablepoint(对应dataset))
• 坐标转换：主要用于经纬度和地图坐标的转换。

sharpmap知识结构图：

效果图如下：

（一）车辆轨迹图：数据源：excel数据

（二）定点数据（数据源：excel）将河南省十七个城市，全部插上小红旗

（三）使用mapinfo做背景文件（此处通过程序调整了比例尺）

（四）使用shapfile做背景图

核心代码

using brutile.predefined;
using geoapi.coordinatesystems.transformations;
using projnet.coordinatesystems;
using projnet.coordinatesystems.transformations;
using sharpmap;
using sharpmap.data.providers;
using sharpmap.layers;
using sharpmap.rendering;
using sharpmap.rendering.thematics;
using sharpmap.styles;
using system;
using system.collections.generic;
using system.data;
using system.data.oledb;
using system.drawing;
using system.drawing.drawing2d;
using system.drawing.text;
using system.linq;
using system.text;
using point = geoapi.geometries.coordinate;
namespace demosharpmap
{
 public class sharpmaphelper
 {
 private const string xlsconnectionstring = "provider={2};data source={0}\\{1};extended properties=\"excel 8.0;hdr=yes;imex=1\"";
 public static map initializemap(maptype tt,float angle)
 {
  map map = null;
  switch (tt)
  {
  case maptype.runline:
   map = initializemaposmwithxls(angle);
   break;
  case maptype.mapinfo:
   map = initializemapinfo(angle);
   break;
  case maptype.shapefile:
   map = initializemaporig(angle);
   break;
  case maptype.static:
   map = initializemaposmwithxls2(angle);
   break;
  default:
   map = initializemaposmwithxls(angle);
   break;
  }
  return map;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// mapinfo格式的地图文件
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="angle"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static map initializemapinfo(float angle)
 {
  //initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'
  map map = new map();
  //set up the countries layer
  vectorlayer laycountries = new vectorlayer("countries");
  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
  try
  {
  laycountries.datasource = new ogr("geodata/mapinfo/countriesmapinfo.tab");
  }
  catch (typeinitializationexception ex)
  {
  if (ex.message == "the type initializer for 'osgeo.ogr.ogr' threw an exception.")
  {
   throw new exception(
   string.format(
    "the application threw a pinvoke exception. you probably need to copy the unmanaged dll's to your bin directory. they are a part of fwtools {0}. you can download it from: http://home.gdal.org/fwtools/",
    gdalrasterlayer.fwtoolsversion));
  }
  throw;
  }
  //set fill-style to green
  laycountries.style.fill = new solidbrush(color.green);
  //set the polygons to have a black outline
  laycountries.style.outline = pens.black;
  laycountries.style.enableoutline = true;
  laycountries.srid = 4326;
  //set up a river layer
  vectorlayer layrivers = new vectorlayer("rivers");
  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
  layrivers.datasource = new ogr("geodata/mapinfo/riversmapinfo.tab");
  //define a blue 1px wide pen
  layrivers.style.line = new pen(color.blue, 1);
  layrivers.srid = 4326;
  //set up a river layer
  vectorlayer laycities = new vectorlayer("cities");
  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
  laycities.datasource = new ogr("geodata/mapinfo/citiesmapinfo.tab");
  laycities.style.symbolscale = 0.8f;
  laycities.maxvisible = 40;
  laycities.srid = 4326;
  //set up a country label layer
  labellayer laylabel = new labellayer("country labels");
  laylabel.datasource = laycountries.datasource;
  laylabel.enabled = true;
  laylabel.labelcolumn = "name";
  laylabel.style = new labelstyle();
  laylabel.style.forecolor = color.white;
  laylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 12);
  laylabel.style.backcolor = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(128, 255, 0, 0));
  laylabel.maxvisible = 90;
  laylabel.minvisible = 30;
  laylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center;
  laylabel.srid = 4326;
  laylabel.multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.largest;
  //set up a city label layer
  labellayer laycitylabel = new labellayer("city labels");
  laycitylabel.datasource = laycities.datasource;
  laycitylabel.enabled = true;
  laycitylabel.labelcolumn = "name";
  laycitylabel.style = new labelstyle();
  laycitylabel.style.forecolor = color.black;
  laycitylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 11);
  laycitylabel.maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible;
  laycitylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.left;
  laycitylabel.style.verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.bottom;
  laycitylabel.style.offset = new pointf(3, 3);
  laycitylabel.style.halo = new pen(color.yellow, 2);
  laycitylabel.textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias;
  laycitylabel.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias;
  laycitylabel.srid = 4326;
  laycitylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;
  laycitylabel.style.collisiondetection = true;
  //add the layers to the map object.
  //the order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top
  map.layers.add(laycountries);
  map.layers.add(layrivers);
  map.layers.add(laycities);
  map.layers.add(laylabel);
  map.layers.add(laycitylabel);
  //增加layers
  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");
  //var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
  //transcoordinate(ds, ct);
  string columename = "rotation";
  //add rotation column
  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider
  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
  map.center = xlslayer.envelope.centre;// new point(0, 0);
  map.mapscale = 350;
  //map.center = new point(0, 0);
  //_ogrsampledataset = "mapinfo";
  //matrix mat = new matrix();
  //mat.rotateat(angle, map.worldtoimage(map.center));
  //map.maptransform = mat;
  //map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);
  return map;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// shapefile
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="angle"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static map initializemaporig(float angle)
 {
  //initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'
  map map = new map();
  //set up the countries layer
  vectorlayer laycountries = new vectorlayer("countries");
  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
  laycountries.datasource = new shapefile("geodata/world/countries.shp", true);
  //set fill-style to green
  laycountries.style.fill = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(64, color.green));
  //set the polygons to have a black outline
  laycountries.style.outline = pens.black;
  laycountries.style.enableoutline = true;
  laycountries.srid = 4326;
  //set up a river layer
  vectorlayer layrivers = new vectorlayer("rivers");
  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
  layrivers.datasource = new shapefile("geodata/world/rivers.shp", true);
  //define a blue 1px wide pen
  layrivers.style.line = new pen(color.blue, 1);
  layrivers.srid = 4326;
  //set up a cities layer
  vectorlayer laycities = new vectorlayer("cities");
  //set the datasource to a shapefile in the app_data folder
  laycities.datasource = new shapefile("geodata/world/cities.shp", true);
  laycities.style.symbolscale = 0.8f;
  laycities.maxvisible = 40;
  laycities.srid = 4326;
  //set up a country label layer
  labellayer laylabel = new labellayer("country labels");
  laylabel.datasource = laycountries.datasource;
  laylabel.enabled = true;
  laylabel.labelcolumn = "name";
  laylabel.style = new labelstyle();
  laylabel.style.forecolor = color.white;
  laylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 12);
  laylabel.style.backcolor = new solidbrush(color.fromargb(128, 255, 0, 0));
  laylabel.maxvisible = 90;
  laylabel.minvisible = 30;
  laylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center;
  laylabel.srid = 4326;
  laylabel.multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.largest;
  laylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;
  laylabel.style.collisiondetection = true;
  laylabel.labelpositiondelegate = fdr => fdr.geometry.interiorpoint.coordinate;
  laylabel.prioritycolumn = "popdens";
  //set up a city label layer
  labellayer laycitylabel = new labellayer("city labels");
  laycitylabel.datasource = laycities.datasource;
  laycitylabel.enabled = true;
  laycitylabel.labelcolumn = "name";
  laycitylabel.style = new labelstyle();
  laycitylabel.style.forecolor = color.black;
  laycitylabel.style.font = new font(fontfamily.genericserif, 11);
  laycitylabel.maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible;
  laycitylabel.style.horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.left;
  laycitylabel.style.verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.bottom;
  laycitylabel.style.offset = new pointf(3, 3);
  laycitylabel.style.halo = new pen(color.yellow, 2);
  laycitylabel.textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias;
  laycitylabel.smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias;
  laycitylabel.srid = 4326;
  laycitylabel.labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection;
  laycitylabel.style.collisiondetection = true;
  laycitylabel.prioritycolumn = "population";
  laycitylabel.theme = new gradienttheme(laycitylabel.prioritycolumn, 250000, 5000000,
  new labelstyle
  {
   maxvisible = 10,
   collisionbuffer = new size(0, 0),
   collisiondetection = true,
   enabled = true,
   forecolor = color.lightslategray,
   halo = new pen(color.silver, 1),
   horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,
   verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,
   font = new font(genericfontfamilies.sansserif.tostring(), 8f, fontstyle.regular)
  },
  new labelstyle
  {
   maxvisible = laylabel.minvisible,
   collisionbuffer = new size(3, 3),
   collisiondetection = true,
   enabled = true,
   forecolor = color.lightslategray,
   halo = new pen(color.silver, 5),
   horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,
   verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,
   font = new font(genericfontfamilies.sansserif.tostring(), 16f, fontstyle.bold)
  });
  bool ignorelength = false;
  var layriverlabel = new labellayer("river labels")
  {
  datasource = layrivers.datasource,
  enabled = true,
  labelcolumn = "name",
  textrenderinghint = textrenderinghint.antialias,
  smoothingmode = smoothingmode.antialias,
  srid = 4326,
  labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection,
  multipartgeometrybehaviour = labellayer.multipartgeometrybehaviourenum.commoncenter,
  style =
      new labelstyle
      {
      forecolor = color.darkblue,
      font = new font(fontfamily.genericsansserif, 11),
      horizontalalignment = labelstyle.horizontalalignmentenum.center,
      verticalalignment = labelstyle.verticalalignmentenum.middle,
      //collisiondetection = true,
      halo = new pen(color.azure, 2),
      ignorelength = ignorelength,
      offset = new pointf(0, -10)
      },
  };
  //add the layers to the map object.
  //the order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top
  //map.backgroundlayer.add(asynclayerproxylayer.create(laycountries));
  map.layers.add(laycountries);
  map.layers.add(layrivers);
  map.layers.add(laycities);
  map.layers.add(laylabel);
  map.layers.add(laycitylabel);
  map.layers.add(layriverlabel);
  //增加layers
  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");
  //var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
  //transcoordinate(ds, ct);
  string columename = "rotation";
  //add rotation column
  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider
  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
     //limit the zoom to 360 degrees width
     //map.maximumzoom = 360;
     //map.backcolor = color.lightblue;
  //map.zoom = 360;
  map.center = xlslayer.envelope.centre;// new point(0, 0);
  map.mapscale = 350;
  //matrix mat = new matrix();
  //mat.rotateat(angle, map.worldtoimage(map.center));
  //map.maptransform = mat;
  //map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);
  return map;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 在线显示，圆点显示轨迹
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="angle"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static map initializemaposmwithxls(float angle)
 {
  var map = new map();
  var tilelayer = new tileasynclayer(
  knowntilesources.create(knowntilesource.openstreetmap), "tilelayer - osm with xls");
  tilelayer.srid = 4326;
  map.backgroundlayer.add(tilelayer);
  //get data from excel
  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\cities.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");
  var ds1 = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities2");
  var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
  transcoordinate(ds, ct);
  transcoordinate(ds1, ct);
  string columename = "rotation";
  //add rotation column
  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
  addcolumetodataset(ds1, columename, -angle);
  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider
  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
  var xlslayer1 = getlayerfromdataset(ds1, color.red);
  map.layers.add(xlslayer1);
  var xlslabellayer = getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(xlslayer, "xlslabel");
  xlslabellayer.theme = new sharpmap.rendering.thematics.fontsizetheme(xlslabellayer, map) { fontsizescale = 1000f };
  map.layers.add(xlslabellayer);
  map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope.expandedby(xlslayer1.envelope));
  return map;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 在线显示，图标显示轨迹
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="angle"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static map initializemaposmwithxls2(float angle)
 {
  var map = new map();
  var tilelayer = new tileasynclayer(
  knowntilesources.create(knowntilesource.openstreetmap), "tilelayer - osm with xls");
  tilelayer.srid = 4326;
  map.backgroundlayer.add(tilelayer);
  //get data from excel
  var xlspath = string.format(xlsconnectionstring, system.io.directory.getcurrentdirectory(), "geodata\\henan.xls", properties.settings.default.oledbprovider);
  var ds = getdatafromexcel(xlspath, "cities");
  var ct = getcoordinatetransformation();
  transcoordinate(ds, ct);
  string columename = "rotation";
  //add rotation column
  addcolumetodataset(ds, columename, -angle);
  var xlslayer = getlayerfromdataset2(ds, color.greenyellow);//set up provider
  map.layers.add(xlslayer); //add layer to map
  var xlslabellayer = getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(xlslayer, "xlslabel");
  xlslabellayer.theme = new fontsizetheme(xlslabellayer, map) { fontsizescale = 1000f };
  map.layers.add(xlslabellayer);
  map.zoomtobox(xlslayer.envelope);
  return map;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 从excel中读取数据
 /// </summary>
 private static dataset getdatafromexcel(string xlspath, string sheetname)
 {
  dataset ds = new dataset("xls");
  string sql = string.format("select * from [{0}$];", sheetname);
  using (var cn = new oledbconnection(xlspath))
  {
  cn.open();
  using (var da = new oledbdataadapter(new oledbcommand(sql, cn)))
  {
   da.fill(ds);
  }
  }
  return ds;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 获取坐标转换对象
 /// </summary>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static icoordinatetransformation getcoordinatetransformation()
 {
  //the srs for this datasource is epsg:4326, therefore we need to transfrom it to osm projection
  var ctf = new coordinatetransformationfactory();
  var cf = new coordinatesystemfactory();
  var epsg4326 = cf.createfromwkt("geogcs[\"wgs 84\",datum[\"wgs_1984\",spheroid[\"wgs 84\",6378137,298.257223563,authority[\"epsg\",\"7030\"]],authority[\"epsg\",\"6326\"]],primem[\"greenwich\",0,authority[\"epsg\",\"8901\"]],unit[\"degree\",0.01745329251994328,authority[\"epsg\",\"9122\"]],authority[\"epsg\",\"4326\"]]");
  var epsg3857 = cf.createfromwkt("projcs[\"popular visualisation crs / mercator\", geogcs[\"popular visualisation crs\", datum[\"popular visualisation datum\", spheroid[\"popular visualisation sphere\", 6378137, 0, authority[\"epsg\",\"7059\"]], towgs84[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], authority[\"epsg\",\"6055\"]],primem[\"greenwich\", 0, authority[\"epsg\", \"8901\"]], unit[\"degree\", 0.0174532925199433, authority[\"epsg\", \"9102\"]], axis[\"e\", east], axis[\"n\", north], authority[\"epsg\",\"4055\"]], projection[\"mercator\"], parameter[\"false_easting\", 0], parameter[\"false_northing\", 0], parameter[\"central_meridian\", 0], parameter[\"latitude_of_origin\", 0], unit[\"metre\", 1, authority[\"epsg\", \"9001\"]], axis[\"east\", east], axis[\"north\", north], authority[\"epsg\",\"3857\"]]");
  var ct = ctf.createfromcoordinatesystems(epsg4326, epsg3857);
  return ct;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 转换地球经纬度到坐标
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="ds"></param>
 /// <param name="ct"></param>
 private static void transcoordinate(dataset ds, icoordinatetransformation ct)
 {
  foreach (system.data.datarow row in ds.tables[0].rows)
  {
  if (row["x"] == dbnull.value || row["y"] == dbnull.value) continue;
  var coords = new[] { convert.todouble(row["x"]), convert.todouble(row["y"]) };
  coords = ct.mathtransform.transform(coords);
  row["x"] = coords[0];
  row["y"] = coords[1];
  }
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 增加列
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="ds"></param>
 /// <param name="columename"></param>
 /// <param name="columevalue"></param>
 private static void addcolumetodataset(dataset ds, string columename, float columevalue)
 {
  ds.tables[0].columns.add(columename, typeof(float));
  foreach (system.data.datarow row in ds.tables[0].rows)
  {
  row["rotation"] = -columevalue;
  }
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 轨迹用点表示
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="ds"></param>
 /// <param name="c"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static vectorlayer getlayerfromdataset(dataset ds, color c)
 {
  var xlsprovider = new datatablepoint(ds.tables[0], "oid", "x", "y");
  var xlslayer = new vectorlayer("xls", xlsprovider)
  { style = new vectorstyle() { pointcolor = new solidbrush(c) } };
  return xlslayer;
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// 获取带图标的图层
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="ds"></param>
 /// <param name="c"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 private static vectorlayer getlayerfromdataset2(dataset ds, color c)
 {
  var xlsprovider = new datatablepoint(ds.tables[0], "oid", "x", "y");
  var xlslayer = new vectorlayer("xls", xlsprovider)
  { style = { symbol=properties.resources.redflag} };
  return xlslayer;
 }
 private static labellayer getlabellayerbyvectorlayer(vectorlayer xlslayer, string layername)
 {
  var xlslabellayer = new labellayer(layername)
  {
  datasource = xlslayer.datasource,
  labelcolumn = "name",
  //prioritycolumn = "population",
  style =
   {
   collisionbuffer = new system.drawing.sizef(2f, 2f),
   collisiondetection = true
   },
  labelfilter = labelcollisiondetection.thoroughcollisiondetection
  };
  return xlslabellayer;
 }
 }
 public enum maptype {
 shapefile = 0,
 mapinfo = 1,
 runline = 2,//运行轨迹
 static = 3 //定点数据
 }
}

备注：

1. 因用的mapinfo和shape源文件为源码里面的，所有为英文显示。

源码下载：http://xiazai.jb51.net/201707/yuanma/demosharpmap_jb51.rar

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的c# 中sharpmap的简单使用实例详解，希望对大家有所帮助