Centos MySQL 5.7安装、升级教程

mysql 5.7安装、升级笔记分享：

卸载当前的 mysql

查看当前 mysql 版本：

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -v
mysql ver 14.14 distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.1

停止 mysql 服务

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stop
stopping mysqld:      [ ok ]

备份数据【数据不重要可以忽略】

备份数据库，升级mysql通常不会丢失数据，但保险起见，我们需要做这一步。输入命令：

[root@coderknock ~]# mysqldump -u xxx -h xxx -p 3306 -p --all-databases > databases.sql

卸载旧版本 mysql

[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql mysql-*
loaded plugins: security
setting up remove process
resolving dependencies
--> running transaction check
---> package mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased
---> package mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased
--> processing dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686
--> processing dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: perl-dbd-mysql-4.013-3.el6.i686
--> processing dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686
--> processing dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16) for package: perl-dbd-mysql-4.013-3.el6.i686
--> processing dependency: mysql-libs for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686
---> package mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased
--> running transaction check
---> package perl-dbd-mysql.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 will be erased
---> package postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1 will be erased
--> processing dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686
--> processing dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686
--> running transaction check
---> package cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased
--> processing dependency: cronie = 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686
---> package redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos will be erased
--> running transaction check
---> package cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased
--> processing dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch
--> processing dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686
--> restarting dependency resolution with new changes.
--> running transaction check
---> package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be erased
---> package sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6 will be erased
--> finished dependency resolution

dependencies resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
 package     arch    version     repository        size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
removing:
 mysql     i686    5.1.73-7.el6     @base        2.3 m
 mysql-libs     i686    5.1.73-7.el6     @base        3.9 m
 mysql-server    i686    5.1.73-7.el6     @base        24 m
removing for dependencies:
 cronie     i686    1.4.4-16.el6_8.2    @updates        169 k
 cronie-anacron    i686    1.4.4-16.el6_8.2    @updates        38 k
 crontabs     noarch    1.10-33.el6     @anaconda-centos-201311291201.i386/6.5    2.4 k
 perl-dbd-mysql    i686    4.013-3.el6     @base        341 k
 postfix     i686    2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1    @base        9.3 m
 redhat-lsb-core    i686    4.0-7.el6.centos    @anaconda-centos-201311291201.i386/6.5    22 k
 sysstat     i686    9.0.4-31.el6     @base        804 k

transaction summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
remove 10 package(s)

installed size: 41 m
is this ok [y/n]: y
downloading packages:
running rpm_check_debug
running transaction test
transaction test succeeded
running transaction
 erasing : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   1/10 
warning: /var/log/mysqld.log saved as /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave
 erasing : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686                  2/10 
/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.y5qgjy: line 1: lsb_release: command not found
 erasing : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                    3/10 
 erasing : perl-dbd-mysql-4.013-3.el6.i686                   4/10 
 erasing : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686                    5/10 
 erasing : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                   6/10 
 erasing : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                  7/10 
 erasing : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                   8/10 
 erasing : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686                   9/10 
 erasing : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   10/10 
 verifying : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686                  1/10 
 verifying : perl-dbd-mysql-4.013-3.el6.i686                   2/10 
 verifying : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   3/10 
 verifying : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                   4/10 
 verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686                    5/10 
 verifying : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                  6/10 
 verifying : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                   7/10 
 verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   8/10 
 verifying : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                    9/10 
 verifying : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686                   10/10 

removed:
 mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6     mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6     mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6     

dependency removed:
 cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2  cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 perl-dbd-mysql.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1 
 redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6  

complete!

这样就卸载完成了，为了保险起见我们检查一下系统中是否还有 mysql 相关内容没有删除干净

[root@coderknock ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql
[root@coderknock ~]# 

上面的情况是没有未删除部分，如果有的话可通过下面的命令删除：

[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql－libs

下载最新版本的 mysql

查看系统配置信息选择对应 mysql 包

[root@coderknock ~]# uname -r 
3.10.104-1.el6.elrepo.i686

在浏览器打开 sohu提供的mysql 镜像（官网速度太慢）

然后根据自己系统配置选择对应的 rpm 包，右键复制文件链接，我的选择如下：

下载并解压

[root@coderknock ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar
--2017-01-06 22:46:15-- http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar
resolving mirrors.sohu.com... 119.188.36.70
connecting to mirrors.sohu.com|119.188.36.70|:80... connected.
http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok
length: 448163840 (427m) [application/octet-stream]
saving to: “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar”

100%[=============================================================================================================================================================>] 448,163,840 9.98m/s in 45s 

2017-01-06 22:47:00 (9.54 mb/s) - “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar” saved [448163840/448163840]
[root@coderknock ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar 
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm

安装及配置

安装 rpm 【有依赖关系，请按下面的步骤安装，搜索 [root@coderknock ~]# 可跳过安装日志直接查看相关命令】

[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm 
loaded plugins: security
setting up local package process
examining mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686
marking mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed
resolving dependencies
--> running transaction check
---> package mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
--> finished dependency resolution

dependencies resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
 package      arch    version     repository        size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
installing:
 mysql-community-common    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    2.5 m

transaction summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
install 1 package(s)

total size: 2.5 m
installed size: 2.5 m
is this ok [y/n]: y
downloading packages:
running rpm_check_debug
running transaction test
transaction test succeeded
running transaction
 installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 
 verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 

installed:
 mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                    

complete!
[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm 
loaded plugins: security
setting up local package process
examining mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686
marking mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed
resolving dependencies
--> running transaction check
---> package mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
--> finished dependency resolution

dependencies resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
 package      arch    version     repository        size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
installing:
 mysql-community-libs    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    7.8 m

transaction summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
install 1 package(s)

total size: 7.8 m
installed size: 7.8 m
is this ok [y/n]: y
downloading packages:
running rpm_check_debug
running transaction test
transaction test succeeded
running transaction
 installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 
 verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 

installed:
 mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                    

complete!
[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm 
loaded plugins: security
setting up local package process
examining mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686
marking mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed
resolving dependencies
--> running transaction check
---> package mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
--> finished dependency resolution

dependencies resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
 package      arch    version     repository        size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
installing:
 mysql-community-client    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    87 m

transaction summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
install 1 package(s)

total size: 87 m
installed size: 87 m
is this ok [y/n]: ^[[a^hy
is this ok [y/n]: y
downloading packages:
running rpm_check_debug
running transaction test
transaction test succeeded
running transaction
 installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 
 verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 

installed:
 mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                    

complete!
[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm 
loaded plugins: security
setting up local package process
examining mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686
marking mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed
resolving dependencies
--> running transaction check
---> package mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed
--> finished dependency resolution

dependencies resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
 package      arch    version     repository        size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
installing:
 mysql-community-server    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    695 m

transaction summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================================
install 1 package(s)

total size: 695 m
installed size: 695 m
is this ok [y/n]: y
downloading packages:
running rpm_check_debug
running transaction test
transaction test succeeded
running transaction
 installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 
 verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1 

installed:
 mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                    

complete!

配置

查看版本

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -v
mysql ver 14.14 distrib 5.7.17, for linux (i686) using editline wrapper

启动 mysql

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start
mysql daemon failed to start.
starting mysqld:   [failed]

上面的情况说明启动失败，这是因为经过上面的步骤，mysql 最新版已经安装到我们的系统了，但这是还没有初始化数据，所以导致无法启动。

初始化数据库

[root@coderknock ~]# mysqld --initialize

如果遇到错误如下：

2017-01-06t14:53:08.889803z 0 [warning] timestamp with implicit default value is deprecated. please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-01-06t14:53:08.892190z 0 [error] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. aborting.
2017-01-06t14:53:08.892475z 0 [error] aborting

可以运行以下命令【无需再执行 mysqld --initialize】：

[root@coderknock ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start
initializing mysql database:  [ ok ]
installing validate password plugin: [ ok ]
starting mysqld:   [ ok ]

这样我们就启动了 mysql 服务

mysql 无法登陆的解决办法

登录时我遇到了一些问题：

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root -p
enter password: 
error 1045 (28000): access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: yes)

这是因较新版本的 mysql 因为安全的考虑，会设置默认密码

[root@coderknock ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-01-06t14:53:33.490540z 1 [note] a temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ei(glix_p6/1

这样就找到了密码，如果上面方法不可行可以看看是否有 /root/.mysql_secret 文件

或者通过以下方法直接修改密码：

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stop
stopping mysqld:      [ ok ]
[root@coderknock ~]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
[1] 14208
[root@coderknock ~]# 2017-01-06t15:02:18.663496z mysqld_safe logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
2017-01-06t15:02:18.666764z mysqld_safe logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
2017-01-06t15:02:18.693025z mysqld_safe starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
^c
[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysql
reading table information for completion of table and column names
you can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -a

welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 3
server version: 5.7.17 mysql community server (gpl)

copyright (c) 2000, 2016, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.

oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('你的密码.') where user='root';
query ok, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
rows matched: 1 changed: 1 warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root'
query ok, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
rows matched: 1 changed: 1 warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;

注意sql在linux下要注意大小写，执行之后query ok, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)，row 之前是1才代表执行成功了。update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root' 这句是为了别的 ip 的机器也可以登录我们的mysql，可以按需执行

重置密码

无论是获取到了默认密码还是强行修改了密码。新版 mysql 在第一次通过密码登录后会无法执行sql：

mysql> select host from mysql.user where user='root';
error 1820 (hy000): you must reset your password using alter user statement before executing this statement.

这是因为 mysql 为了安全会要求修改初始密码。

mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified by '你的密码';

如果遇到error 1819 (hy000): your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements说明你的密码太简单，需要设置复杂点的密码，有大小写字母、有数字、有标点基本上就可以通过。
注意，如果你没有修改过 root 用户的host或者修改为非 % 的字符，需要对上面的语句进行对应的修改，例如： alter user identified by ‘你的密码'

如果遇到error 1290 (hy000): the mysql server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement 则需要退出安全模式，正常启动mysql后登陆再进行以上操作：

mysql> quit
[root@coderknock ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 14208 12686 0 23:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking
mysql 14381 14208 0 23:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 15148 12686 0 23:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 114208
-bash: kill: (114208) - no such process
[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 14208
[1]+ killed   mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking
[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 1438
[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start
[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysql

精彩专题分享：mysql不同版本安装教程 mysql5.7各版本安装教程

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