Spring Boot的应用启动与关闭的方法

spring boot，作为spring框架对“约定优先于配置(convention over configuration)”理念的最佳实践的产物，它能帮助我们很快捷的创建出独立运行、产品级别的基于spring框架的应用，大部分spring boot应用只需要非常少的配置就可以快速运行起来，是一个与微服务(microservices)相当契合的微框架。

1. spring boot应用打包

spring boot应用可以打成jar包，其中内嵌tomcat，因此可以直接启动使用。但是在spring boot应用启动之前，首先需要进行打包，本文讲述的是maven工程的打包，打包需要的前提条件(pom.xml文件中的内容)是：

...

<packaging>jar</packaging>

...

<dependency>
  <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
  <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
</dependency>

...

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
      <configuration>
        <mainclass>com.***.application</mainclass>
      </configuration>
      <executions>
        <execution>
          <goals>
            <goal>repackage</goal>
          </goals>
        </execution>
      </executions>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

...

打包命令为：

mvn clean package -dmaven.test.skip=true
# demo
$ mvn clean package -dmaven.test.skip=true
[info] scanning for projects...
[warning] 
[warning] some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.example:myproject:jar:0.0.1-snapshot
[warning] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin is missing. @ line 38, column 17
[warning] 
[warning] it is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[warning] 
[warning] for this reason, future maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[warning] 
[info]                                     
[info] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[info] building myproject 0.0.1-snapshot
[info] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[info] 
[info] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ myproject ---
[info] deleting /users/ltc/spring boot demo/target
[info] 
[info] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ myproject ---
[warning] using platform encoding (utf-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[info] copying 1 resource
[info] 
[info] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ myproject ---
[info] changes detected - recompiling the module!
[warning] file encoding has not been set, using platform encoding utf-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[info] compiling 1 source file to /users/ltc/spring boot demo/target/classes
[info] 
[info] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testresources (default-testresources) @ myproject ---
[info] not copying test resources
[info] 
[info] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testcompile (default-testcompile) @ myproject ---
[info] not compiling test sources
[info] 
[info] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ myproject ---
[info] tests are skipped.
[info] 
[info] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ myproject ---
[info] building jar: /users/ltc/spring boot demo/target/myproject-0.0.1-snapshot.jar
[info] 
[info] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.0.rc1:repackage (default) @ myproject ---
[info] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[info] build success
[info] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[info] total time: 1.861 s
[info] finished at: 2017-01-13t15:31:32+08:00
[info] final memory: 26m/308m
[info] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

或在eclipse中运行run -> maven build...，在goals中填写clean package -dmaven.test.skip=true，运行，打包完成。

2. spring boot应用启动

spring boot的启动命令为：

java -jar application.jar
# demo
$ java -jar target/myproject-0.0.1-snapshot.jar 
 .  ____     _      __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
 ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: spring boot ::    (v1.4.3.release)
2017-01-13 15:31:36.911 info 62119 --- [      main] com.test.example             : starting example on local with pid 62119 (/users/ltc/spring boot demo/target/myproject-0.0.1-snapshot.jar started by liutianchi in /users/ltc/spring boot demo)
2017-01-13 15:31:36.916 info 62119 --- [      main] com.test.example             : no active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-01-13 15:31:36.981 info 62119 --- [      main] ationconfigembeddedwebapplicationcontext : refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.annotationconfigembeddedwebapplicationcontext@b1a58a3: startup date [fri jan 13 15:31:36 cst 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-13 15:31:38.602 info 62119 --- [      main] s.b.c.e.t.tomcatembeddedservletcontainer : tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-13 15:31:38.615 info 62119 --- [      main] o.apache.catalina.core.standardservice  : starting service tomcat
2017-01-13 15:31:38.616 info 62119 --- [      main] org.apache.catalina.core.standardengine : starting servlet engine: apache tomcat/8.5.6
2017-01-13 15:31:38.718 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.a.c.c.c.[tomcat].[localhost].[/]    : initializing spring embedded webapplicationcontext
2017-01-13 15:31:38.718 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.web.context.contextloader      : root webapplicationcontext: initialization completed in 1740 ms
2017-01-13 15:31:38.927 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.servletregistrationbean : mapping servlet: 'dispatcherservlet' to [/]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'metricsfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'characterencodingfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'hiddenhttpmethodfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'httpputformcontentfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'requestcontextfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'webrequestloggingfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:38.932 info 62119 --- [ost-startstop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.filterregistrationbean  : mapping filter: 'applicationcontextidfilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-13 15:31:39.217 info 62119 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.requestmappinghandleradapter : looking for @controlleradvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.annotationconfigembeddedwebapplicationcontext@b1a58a3: startup date [fri jan 13 15:31:36 cst 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-13 15:31:39.310 info 62119 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.requestmappinghandlermapping : mapped "{[/]}" onto java.lang.string com.test.example.home()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.313 info 62119 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.requestmappinghandlermapping : mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.responseentity<java.util.map<java.lang.string, java.lang.object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.basicerrorcontroller.error(javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest)
2017-01-13 15:31:39.313 info 62119 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.requestmappinghandlermapping : mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.modelandview org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.basicerrorcontroller.errorhtml(javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest,javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse)
2017-01-13 15:31:39.338 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.w.s.handler.simpleurlhandlermapping : mapped url path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.resourcehttprequesthandler]
2017-01-13 15:31:39.338 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.w.s.handler.simpleurlhandlermapping : mapped url path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.resourcehttprequesthandler]
2017-01-13 15:31:39.378 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.w.s.handler.simpleurlhandlermapping : mapped url path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.resourcehttprequesthandler]
2017-01-13 15:31:39.665 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/metrics/{name:.*}],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.metricsmvcendpoint.value(java.lang.string)
2017-01-13 15:31:39.665 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/metrics || /manage/metrics.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.666 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/mappings || /manage/mappings.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.667 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/trace || /manage/trace.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.667 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/info || /manage/info.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.668 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/configprops || /manage/configprops.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.669 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/heapdump || /manage/heapdump.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/octet-stream]}" onto public void org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.heapdumpmvcendpoint.invoke(boolean,javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest,javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse) throws java.io.ioexception,javax.servlet.servletexception
2017-01-13 15:31:39.669 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/autoconfig || /manage/autoconfig.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.673 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/env/{name:.*}],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.environmentmvcendpoint.value(java.lang.string)
2017-01-13 15:31:39.673 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/env || /manage/env.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.674 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/health || /manage/health.json],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.healthmvcendpoint.invoke(java.security.principal)
2017-01-13 15:31:39.675 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/dump || /manage/dump.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.677 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/shutdown || /manage/shutdown.json],methods=[post]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.shutdownmvcendpoint.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.678 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.endpointhandlermapping   : mapped "{[/manage/beans || /manage/beans.json],methods=[get],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.endpointmvcadapter.invoke()
2017-01-13 15:31:39.799 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.j.e.a.annotationmbeanexporter    : registering beans for jmx exposure on startup
2017-01-13 15:31:39.809 info 62119 --- [      main] o.s.c.support.defaultlifecycleprocessor : starting beans in phase 0
2017-01-13 15:31:39.944 info 62119 --- [      main] s.b.c.e.t.tomcatembeddedservletcontainer : tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-13 15:31:39.949 info 62119 --- [      main] com.test.example             : started example in 4.292 seconds (jvm running for 4.726)

3. spring boot应用关闭

下面主要有两种方式进行spring boot的关闭：通过http发送shutdown信号，或者通过service stop的方式。

spring boot应用关闭的前提条件是pom.xml添加以下内容：

<dependency>
  <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
  <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactid>
</dependency>

application.properties中添加：

#启用shutdown
endpoints.shutdown.enabled=true
#禁用密码验证
endpoints.shutdown.sensitive=false

关闭命令为：

curl -x post host:port/shutdown
# demo
$ curl -x post http://localhost:8080/shutdown
{"message":"shutting down, bye..."}
$ curl -x post http://localhost:8080/manage/shutdown
{"message":"shutting down, bye..."}

如果要配置路径，需要在application.properties中添加management.context-path=/manage，则关闭命令变为curl -x post host:port/manage/shutdown。

4. 安全验证

如果在关闭时需要安全验证，则在pom.xml文件中添加：

<dependency>
   <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
   <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactid>
</dependency>

application.properties中添加：

#开启shutdown的安全验证
endpoints.shutdown.sensitive=true
#验证用户名
security.user.name=admin
#验证密码
security.user.password=admin
#角色
management.security.role=superuser
# 指定端口
management.port=8081
# 指定地址
management.address=127.0.0.1

关闭命令为：

curl -u admin:admin -x post http://127.0.0.1:8081/manage/shutdown
# demo
$ curl -u admin:admin -x post http://127.0.0.1:8081/manage/shutdown
{"message":"shutting down, bye..."}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。