Python中使用Tkinter模块创建GUI程序实例

使用tkinter模块来创建简单的gui程序。

tkinter的widgets有：button、canvas、checkbutton、entry、frame、label、listbox、menu、menubutton、message、radiobutton、scales、scrollbar、text、toplevel等。

例：

# this program displays an empty window.
import tkinter
def main():
  main_window = tkinter.tk()
  tkinter.mainloop()
main()

例2：

import tkinter
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  # create the main window widget.
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  
  # enter the tkinter main loop.
  tkinter.mainloop()
# create an instance of the mygui class.
my_gui = mygui()

例3：

# the program displays a label with text.
import tkinter
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  # create a label widget containing the text 'hello world'
  self.label = tkinter.label(self.main_window, text='hello world!')
  # call the label widget's pack method.
  self.label.pack()
  # enter the tkinter main loop.
  tkinter.mainloop()
# create an instance of the mygui class.
my_gui = mygui()

例4：

import tkinter
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text='hello world!')
  self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text='this is my gui program.')
  self.label1.pack()
  self.label2.pack()
  tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = mygui()

例5：

import tkinter
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text='hello world!')
  self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.main_window,text='this is my gui program.')
  self.label1.pack(side='left')
  self.label2.pack(side='left')
  tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = mygui()

例6：

import tkinter
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text='winken')
  self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text='blinken')
  self.label3 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text='nod')
  
  self.label1.pack(side='top')
  self.label2.pack(side='top')
  self.label3.pack(side='top')
  
  self.label4 = tkinter.label(self.bottom_frame,text='winken')
  self.label5 = tkinter.label(self.bottom_frame,text='blinken')
  self.label6 = tkinter.label(self.bottom_frame,text='nod')
  
  self.label4.pack(side='left')
  self.label5.pack(side='left')
  self.label6.pack(side='left')
  
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
  
  tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = mygui()

按钮widget和信息对话框
使用tkmessagebox模块的showinfo函数来显示信息对话框。
例：

# the program demonstrates a button widget.
# when the user clicks the button, an info dialog box is displayed.
import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.my_button = tkinter.button(self.main_window, text='click me!',command=self.do_something)
  self.my_button.pack()
  tkinter.mainloop()
  def do_something(self):
  tkmessagebox.showinfo('response','thanks for clicking the button.')
mygui = mygui()

例2：

import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.my_button = tkinter.button(self.main_window, text='click me!',command=self.do_something)
  self.quit_button = tkinter.button(self.main_window,text='quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
  self.my_button.pack()
  self.quit_button.pack()
  tkinter.mainloop()
  def do_something(self):
  tkmessagebox.showinfo('response','thanks for clicking the button.')
mygui = mygui()

用entry widget得到输入
entry widget是一个矩形区域，用户可输入其中。可使用entry widget的get方法取回输入的数据。
例：

import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class kilogui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.label = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text='enter a distance in kilometers:')
  self.entry = tkinter.entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
  self.button1 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text='convert',command=self.convert)
  self.button2 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text='quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
  
  self.label.pack(side='left')
  self.entry.pack(side='left')
  self.button1.pack(side='left')
  self.button2.pack(side='left')
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
  
  tkinter.mainloop()
  def convert(self):
  kilo = float(self.entry.get())
  miles = kilo*0.6214
  tkmessagebox.showinfo('result',str(kilo)+' kilometers is equal to '+str(miles)+' miles.')
  
mygui = kilogui()

例2：

import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class kilogui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.mid_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  
  self.label1 = tkinter.label(self.top_frame,text='enter a distance in kilometers:')
  self.entry = tkinter.entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
  
  self.button1 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text='convert',command=self.convert)
  self.button2 = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text='quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
  
  self.label2 = tkinter.label(self.mid_frame,text='converted to miles:')
  self.value = tkinter.stringvar()
  self.label3 = tkinter.label(self.mid_frame,textvariable=self.value)
  
  self.label1.pack(side='left')
  self.entry.pack(side='left')
  
  self.button1.pack(side='left')
  self.button2.pack(side='left')
  
  self.label2.pack(side='left')
  self.label3.pack(side='left')
  
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.mid_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
  
  tkinter.mainloop()
  def convert(self):
  kilo = float(self.entry.get())
  miles = kilo*0.6214
  self.value.set(miles)
  
mygui = kilogui()

radio按钮和check按钮
例：

import tkinter
import tkmessagebox
class mygui:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = tkinter.tk()
  self.top_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = tkinter.frame(self.main_window)
  
  self.radio_var = tkinter.intvar()
  self.radio_var.set(1)
  self.rb1 = tkinter.radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='option 1',variable=self.radio_var,value=1)
  self.rb2 = tkinter.radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='option 2',variable=self.radio_var,value=2)
  self.rb3 = tkinter.radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='option 3',variable=self.radio_var,value=3)
  
  self.rb1.pack()
  self.rb2.pack()
  self.rb3.pack()
  
  self.ok_button = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text='ok',command=self.show_choice)
  self.quit_button = tkinter.button(self.bottom_frame,text='quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
  
  self.ok_button.pack(side='left')
  self.quit_button.pack(side='left')
  
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
  
  tkinter.mainloop()
  
  def show_choice(self):
  tkmessagebox.showinfo('selection','you selected optioin '+str(self.radio_var.get()))
mygui = mygui()