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spring5 源码深度解析----- 被面试官给虐懵了,竟然是因为我不懂@Configuration配置类及@Bean的原理

程序员文章站 2023-11-17 18:42:16
@Configuration注解提供了全新的bean创建方式。最初spring通过xml配置文件初始化bean并完成依赖注入工作。从spring3.0开始,在spring framework模块中提供了这个注解,搭配@Bean等注解,可以完全不依赖xml配置,在运行时完成bean的创建和初始化工作。 ......

@configuration注解提供了全新的bean创建方式。最初spring通过xml配置文件初始化bean并完成依赖注入工作。从spring3.0开始,在spring framework模块中提供了这个注解,搭配@bean等注解,可以完全不依赖xml配置,在运行时完成bean的创建和初始化工作。例如:

public interface ibean {

}

public class appbean implements ibean{

}

//@configuration申明了appconfig是一个配置类
@configuration 
public class appconfig {
    //@bean注解申明了一个bean,bean名称默认为方法名appbean
    @bean 
    ibean appbean(){
        return new appbean();
    }
}

默认情况下bean的名称和方法名称相同,你也可以使用name属性来指定,如@bean(name = "mybean")

@configuration注解使用

我们先来看看@configuration 这个注解的定义

@target(elementtype.type)
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)
@documented
@component //@component元注解
public @interface configuration {
    string value() default "";
}

我们看到源码里面,@configuration 标记了@component元注解,因此可以被@componentscan扫描并处理,在spring容器初始化时configuration类 会被注册到bean容器中,最后还会实例化。

使用@autowired/@inject

因为@configuration本身也是一个@component,因此配置类本身也会被注册到应用上下文,并且也可以使用ioc的@autowired/@inject等注解来注入所需bean。我们来修改配置类如下:

@configuration
public class appconfig {
    @autowired
    public environment env;
    @bean
    ibean appbean(){
        return new appbean();
    }
}

使用@compomentscan

配置类也可以自己添加注解@compomentscan,来显式扫描需使用组件。

@configuration 使用@component 进行原注解,因此@configuration 类也可以被组件扫描到(特别是使用xml元素)。

@configuration
@componentscan("abc.xxx")
public class appconfig {
    @bean
    ibean appbean(){
        return new appbean();
    }
}

在这里认识几个注解: @controller, @service, @repository, @component

  • @controller: 表明一个注解的类是一个"controller",也就是控制器,可以把它理解为mvc 模式的controller 这个角色。这个注解是一个特殊的@component,允许实现类通过类路径的扫描扫描到。它通常与@requestmapping 注解一起使用。

  • @service: 表明这个带注解的类是一个"service",也就是服务层,可以把它理解为mvc 模式中的service层这个角色,这个注解也是一个特殊的@component,允许实现类通过类路径的扫描扫描到

  • @repository: 表明这个注解的类是一个"repository",团队实现了javaee 模式中像是作为"data access object" 可能作为dao来使用,当与 persistenceexceptiontranslationpostprocessor 结合使用时,这样注释的类有资格获得spring转换的目的。这个注解也是@component 的一个特殊实现,允许实现类能够被自动扫描到

  • @component: 表明这个注释的类是一个组件,当使用基于注释的配置和类路径扫描时,这些类被视为自动检测的候选者。

@target({elementtype.type})
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)
@documented
@component
public @interface controller {

    @aliasfor(annotation = component.class)
    string value() default "";

}

@target({elementtype.type})
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)
@documented
@component
public @interface service {

    @aliasfor(annotation = component.class)
    string value() default "";

}

@target({elementtype.type})
@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)
@documented
@component
public @interface repository {

    @aliasfor(annotation = component.class)
    string value() default "";

}

我们可以看到@controller, @service, @repository这三个注解上都有@component这个注解

也就是说,上面四个注解标记的类都能够通过@componentscan 扫描到,上面四个注解最大的区别就是使用的场景和语义不一样,比如你定义一个service类想要被spring进行管理,你应该把它定义为@service 而不是@controller因为我们从语义上讲,@service更像是一个服务的类,而不是一个控制器的类,@component通常被称作组件,它可以标注任何你没有严格予以说明的类,比如说是一个配置类,它不属于mvc模式的任何一层,这个时候你更习惯于把它定义为 @component。@controller,@service,@repository 的注解上都有@component,所以这三个注解都可以用@component进行替换。

同@import注解组合使用

新建一个配置类,例如数据库配置类:

@configuration
public class databaseconfig {
    @bean
    public datasource datasource(){
        return new datasource(){
            ...
        };
    }
}

然后在appconfig中用@import来导入配置类

@configuration
@import(databaseconfig.class)
public class appconfig {
    @autowired
    public datasource datasource; //注入的bean在databaseconfig.class中定义
    @bean
    ibean appbean(){
        return new appbean();
    }
}

最后执行:

applicationcontext context = new annotationconfigapplicationcontext(appconfig.class);
databaseconfig datasourceconfig = context.getbean(databaseconfig.class);

可以看到只注册了appconfig.class,容器自动会把@import指向的配置类初始化。

同@profile注解组合使用

在配置类中可以申明@profile注解,仅当满足profile条件时,才会处理配置类,也可以将@profile注解加载配置类中的每一个@bean来实现更细粒度的条件控制。

@configuration
@profile("develop")
public class databaseconfig {
    @bean
    public datasource datasource(){
        return new datasource(){...};
    }
}

嵌套使用@configuration

在配置类中可以创建静态内部类,并添加@configuration注解,这样上下文只需要注册最外面的配置类,内部的配置类会自动被加载。这样做省略了@import,因为本身就在配置类内部,无需再特别指定了。

@configuration
public class appconfig {
    @autowired
    public datasource datasource; //注入的bean在内部定义

    @configuration
    public static class databaseconfig{
        @bean
        datasource datasource(){
            return new datasource() {...};
        }
    }
    
    @bean
    ibean appbean(){
        return new appbean();
    }
}

注意:任何嵌套的@configuration 都必须是static 的。

@lazy初始化

默认情况下,配置类中的bean都随着应用上下文被初始化,可以在配置类中添加@lazy注解来延迟初始化,当然也可以在每个@bean注解上添加,来实现更细粒度的控制。

@configuration
@lazy//延时加载
public class appconfig {
    @bean
    ibean appbean(){
        return new appbean();
    }
}

配置类约束

  • 配置类必须为显式申明的类,而不能通过工厂类方法返回实例。允许运行时类增强。
  • 配置类不允许标记final。
  • 配置类必须全局可见(不允许定义在方法本地内部类中)
  • 嵌套配置类必须申明为static 内部类
  • @bean方法不可以再创建新的配置类(所有实例都当做bean处理,不解析相关配置注解)

@configuration源码

applicationcontext的refresh方法

在我之前的一篇文章spring5 源码深度解析-----applicationcontext容器refresh过程中写过,spring容器启动时,即applicationcontext接口实现类的对象实例执行refresh方法时,在bean初始化完成之前,有一个扩展点,用来操作beanfactory,来扩展对应的功能,比喻往beanfactory中注册beandefintion,我们回顾一下applicationcontext的refresh函数:

 1 public void refresh() throws beansexception, illegalstateexception {
 2     synchronized (this.startupshutdownmonitor) {
 3         //准备刷新的上下文 环境  
 4         preparerefresh();
 5         //初始化beanfactory,并进行xml文件读取  
 6         configurablelistablebeanfactory beanfactory = obtainfreshbeanfactory();
 7         //对beanfactory进行各种功能填充  
 8         preparebeanfactory(beanfactory);
 9         try {
10             postprocessbeanfactory(beanfactory);
11             //激活各种beanfactory处理器  
12             invokebeanfactorypostprocessors(beanfactory);
13             //注册拦截bean创建的bean处理器,这里只是注册,真正的调用实在getbean时候 
14             registerbeanpostprocessors(beanfactory);
15             //为上下文初始化message源,即不同语言的消息体,国际化处理  
16             initmessagesource();
17             //初始化应用消息广播器,并放入“applicationeventmulticaster”bean中  
18             initapplicationeventmulticaster();
19             //留给子类来初始化其它的bean  
20             onrefresh();
21             //在所有注册的bean中查找listener bean,注册到消息广播器中  
22             registerlisteners();
23             //初始化剩下的单实例(非惰性的)  
24             finishbeanfactoryinitialization(beanfactory);
25             //完成刷新过程,通知生命周期处理器lifecycleprocessor刷新过程,同时发出contextrefreshevent通知别人  
26             finishrefresh();
27         }
28         catch (beansexception ex) {
29             if (logger.iswarnenabled()) {
30                 logger.warn("exception encountered during context initialization - " +
31                         "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
32             }
33             destroybeans();
34             cancelrefresh(ex);
35             throw ex;
36         }
37         finally {
38             resetcommoncaches();
39         }
40     }
41 }

看到第12行,在初始化beanfactory后,会激活各种beanfactory处理器,我们来看看invokebeanfactorypostprocessors方法

 1 public static void invokebeanfactorypostprocessors(configurablelistablebeanfactory beanfactory, list<beanfactorypostprocessor> beanfactorypostprocessors) {
 2 
 3     // invoke beandefinitionregistrypostprocessors first, if any.
 4     // 1、首先调用beandefinitionregistrypostprocessors
 5     set<string> processedbeans = new hashset<>();
 6 
 7     // beanfactory是beandefinitionregistry类型
 8     if (beanfactory instanceof beandefinitionregistry) {
 9         beandefinitionregistry registry = (beandefinitionregistry) beanfactory;
10         // 定义beanfactorypostprocessor
11         list<beanfactorypostprocessor> regularpostprocessors = new arraylist<>();
12         // 定义beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor集合
13         list<beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor> registryprocessors = new arraylist<>();
14 
15         // 循环手动注册的beanfactorypostprocessors
16         for (beanfactorypostprocessor postprocessor : beanfactorypostprocessors) {
17             // 如果是beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor的实例话,则调用其postprocessbeandefinitionregistry方法,对bean进行注册操作
18             if (postprocessor instanceof beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor) {
19                 // 如果是beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor类型,则直接调用其postprocessbeandefinitionregistry
20                 beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor registryprocessor = (beandefinitionregistrypostprocessor) postprocessor;
21                 registryprocessor.postprocessbeandefinitionregistry(registry);
22                 registryprocessors.add(registryprocessor);
23             }
24             // 否则则将其当做普通的beanfactorypostprocessor处理,直接加入regularpostprocessors集合,以备后续处理
25             else {
26                 regularpostprocessors.add(postprocessor);
27             }
28         }
29         //略....
30     }
31 
32     // 2、如果不是beandefinitionregistry的实例,那么直接调用其回调函数即可-->postprocessbeanfactory
33     else {
34         // invoke factory processors registered with the context instance.
35         invokebeanfactorypostprocessors(beanfactorypostprocessors, beanfactory);
36     }
37     //略....
38 }

我们看看第21行,看看其实现类,如下截图,发现其中有一个configurationclasspostprocessor,这个类就是本章的重点

configurationclasspostprocessor这个beanfactorypostprocessor,来开启整个@configuration注解的系列类的加载的,即开启基于@configuration的类配置代替beans标签的容器配置的相关bean的加载。

spring5 源码深度解析----- 被面试官给虐懵了,竟然是因为我不懂@Configuration配置类及@Bean的原理

configurationclasspostprocessor

public void postprocessbeandefinitionregistry(beandefinitionregistry registry) {
//生成唯一标识,用于重复处理验证
   int registryid = system.identityhashcode(registry);
   if (this.registriespostprocessed.contains(registryid)) {
      throw new illegalstateexception(
            "postprocessbeandefinitionregistry already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
   }
   if (this.factoriespostprocessed.contains(registryid)) {
      throw new illegalstateexception(
            "postprocessbeanfactory already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
   }
   this.registriespostprocessed.add(registryid);
   //解析java类配置bean
   processconfigbeandefinitions(registry);
}

processconfigbeandefinitions(registry)处理逻辑:

public void processconfigbeandefinitions(beandefinitionregistry registry) {
   list<beandefinitionholder> configcandidates = new arraylist<>();
  //所有已经注册的bean 
   string[] candidatenames = registry.getbeandefinitionnames();
   //遍历bean定义信息
   for (string beanname : candidatenames) {
      beandefinition beandef = registry.getbeandefinition(beanname);
      if (configurationclassutils.isfullconfigurationclass(beandef) ||
            configurationclassutils.isliteconfigurationclass(beandef)) {
         if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
            logger.debug("bean definition has already been processed as a configuration class: " + beandef);
         }
      }
    //1.如果当前的bean是javabean配置类(含有@configuration注解的类),则加入到集合configcandidates中,
      else if (configurationclassutils.checkconfigurationclasscandidate(beandef, this.metadatareaderfactory)) {
         configcandidates.add(new beandefinitionholder(beandef, beanname));
      }
   }

   // return immediately if no @configuration classes were found
  // 没有@configuration注解的类,直接退出
   if (configcandidates.isempty()) {
      return;
   }

   // 多个java配置类,按@ordered注解排序
   configcandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> {
      int i1 = configurationclassutils.getorder(bd1.getbeandefinition());
      int i2 = configurationclassutils.getorder(bd2.getbeandefinition());
      return integer.compare(i1, i2);
   });

   // detect any custom bean name generation strategy supplied through the enclosing application context
   singletonbeanregistry sbr = null;
   if (registry instanceof singletonbeanregistry) {
      sbr = (singletonbeanregistry) registry;
      if (!this.localbeannamegeneratorset) {
         beannamegenerator generator = (beannamegenerator) sbr.getsingleton(configuration_bean_name_generator);
         if (generator != null) {
            this.componentscanbeannamegenerator = generator;
            this.importbeannamegenerator = generator;
         }
      }
   }

   if (this.environment == null) {
      this.environment = new standardenvironment();
   }

   // parse each @configuration class
  //初始化一个configurationclassparser解析器,可以解析@congiguration配置类
   configurationclassparser parser = new configurationclassparser(
         this.metadatareaderfactory, this.problemreporter, this.environment,
         this.resourceloader, this.componentscanbeannamegenerator, registry);

   set<beandefinitionholder> candidates = new linkedhashset<>(configcandidates);
   set<configurationclass> alreadyparsed = new hashset<>(configcandidates.size());
   do {
   //2.解析java配置类
      parser.parse(candidates);
   //主要校验配置类不能使用final修饰符(cglib代理是生成一个子类,因此原先的类不能使用final修饰)
      parser.validate();

      //排除已处理过的配置类
      set<configurationclass> configclasses = new linkedhashset<>(parser.getconfigurationclasses());
      configclasses.removeall(alreadyparsed);
       
      // read the model and create bean definitions based on its content
      if (this.reader == null) {
         this.reader = new configurationclassbeandefinitionreader(
               registry, this.sourceextractor, this.resourceloader, this.environment,
               this.importbeannamegenerator, parser.getimportregistry());
      }
    //3.加载bean定义信息,主要实现将@bean @configuration @import @importresource @importregistrar注册为bean
      this.reader.loadbeandefinitions(configclasses);
      alreadyparsed.addall(configclasses);
      //清空已处理的配置类
      candidates.clear();
   //再次获取容器中bean定义数量  如果大于 之前获取的bean定义数量,则说明有新的bean注册到容器中,需要再次解析
      if (registry.getbeandefinitioncount() > candidatenames.length) {
         string[] newcandidatenames = registry.getbeandefinitionnames();
         set<string> oldcandidatenames = new hashset<>(arrays.aslist(candidatenames));
         set<string> alreadyparsedclasses = new hashset<>();
         for (configurationclass configurationclass : alreadyparsed) {
            alreadyparsedclasses.add(configurationclass.getmetadata().getclassname());
         }
         for (string candidatename : newcandidatenames) {
            if (!oldcandidatenames.contains(candidatename)) {
               beandefinition bd = registry.getbeandefinition(candidatename);
        //新注册的bean如果也是@configuration配置类,则添加到数据,等待解析
               if (configurationclassutils.checkconfigurationclasscandidate(bd, this.metadatareaderfactory) &&
                     !alreadyparsedclasses.contains(bd.getbeanclassname())) {
                  candidates.add(new beandefinitionholder(bd, candidatename));
               }
            }
         }
         candidatenames = newcandidatenames;
      }
   }
   while (!candidates.isempty());

   // register the importregistry as a bean in order to support importaware @configuration classes
   if (sbr != null && !sbr.containssingleton(import_registry_bean_name)) {
      sbr.registersingleton(import_registry_bean_name, parser.getimportregistry());
   }

   if (this.metadatareaderfactory instanceof cachingmetadatareaderfactory) {
      // clear cache in externally provided metadatareaderfactory; this is a no-op
      // for a shared cache since it'll be cleared by the applicationcontext.
      ((cachingmetadatareaderfactory) this.metadatareaderfactory).clearcache();
   }
}

processconfigbeandefinitions整个方法可以大体划分为三个阶段:

  1. 从容器中获取和configuration有关系的beandefinition
  2. 以该beandefinition为起点,进行解析操作,得到解析结果集
  3. 将解析到的结果集加载到容器中,即构造成一个beandefinition放到容器中待初始化

1、判断类是否与@configuration有关

在上面第1步中,有@configuration注解的会加入到集合当中,这个判断是在configurationclassutils#checkconfigurationclasscandidate当中实现

public static boolean checkconfigurationclasscandidate(beandefinition beandef, metadatareaderfactory metadatareaderfactory) {
    string classname = beandef.getbeanclassname();
    if (classname == null || beandef.getfactorymethodname() != null) {
        return false;
    }
    //获取注解元数据信息
    annotationmetadata metadata;
    if (beandef instanceof annotatedbeandefinition &&
            classname.equals(((annotatedbeandefinition) beandef).getmetadata().getclassname())) {
        metadata = ((annotatedbeandefinition) beandef).getmetadata();
    }
    else if (beandef instanceof abstractbeandefinition && ((abstractbeandefinition) beandef).hasbeanclass()) {
        class<?> beanclass = ((abstractbeandefinition) beandef).getbeanclass();
        metadata = new standardannotationmetadata(beanclass, true);
    }
    else {
        try {
            metadatareader metadatareader = metadatareaderfactory.getmetadatareader(classname);
            metadata = metadatareader.getannotationmetadata();
        }
        catch (ioexception ex) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    // 查找当前注解是否是与@configuration相关
    // 该方法还会判断该注解上的注解是否有@configuration,一直往上寻找
    // 因为有的注解为复合注解
    if (isfullconfigurationcandidate(metadata)) {
        beandef.setattribute(configuration_class_attribute, configuration_class_full);
    }
    // 查找当前注解上是否有componentscan、component、import、importresource注解
    //如果没有则查找bean注解,同上,一直往上查找
    else if (isliteconfigurationcandidate(metadata)) {
        beandef.setattribute(configuration_class_attribute, configuration_class_lite);
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

我们看看isfullconfigurationcandidate和isliteconfigurationcandidate

public static boolean isfullconfigurationcandidate(annotationmetadata metadata) {
    return metadata.isannotated(configuration.class.getname());
}
public static boolean isliteconfigurationcandidate(annotationmetadata metadata) {
    // do not consider an interface or an annotation...
    if (metadata.isinterface()) {
        return false;
    }

    // any of the typical annotations found?
    for (string indicator : candidateindicators) {
        if (metadata.isannotated(indicator)) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    // finally, let's look for @bean methods...
    try {
        return metadata.hasannotatedmethods(bean.class.getname());
    }
    catch (throwable ex) {
        if (logger.isdebugenabled()) {
            logger.debug("failed to introspect @bean methods on class [" + metadata.getclassname() + "]: " + ex);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

private static final set<string> candidateindicators = new hashset<>(8);

static {
    candidateindicators.add(component.class.getname());
    candidateindicators.add(componentscan.class.getname());
    candidateindicators.add(import.class.getname());
    candidateindicators.add(importresource.class.getname());
}

2、解析java配置类parser.parse(candidates)

parser.parse(candidates)方法最终调用processconfigurationclass方法来处理@configuration配置类,configurationclassparser. processconfigurationclass()方法实现代码如下:

protected void processconfigurationclass(configurationclass configclass) throws ioexception {
  //判断是否需要解析
   if (this.conditionevaluator.shouldskip(configclass.getmetadata(), configurationphase.parse_configuration)) {
      return;
   }
   //判断同一个配置类是否重复加载过,如果重复加载过,则合并,否则从集合中移除旧的配置类,后续逻辑将处理新的配置类
   configurationclass existingclass = this.configurationclasses.get(configclass);
   if (existingclass != null) {
      if (configclass.isimported()) {
         if (existingclass.isimported()) {
            existingclass.mergeimportedby(configclass);
         }
         // otherwise ignore new imported config class; existing non-imported class overrides it.
         return;
      }
      else {
         // explicit bean definition found, probably replacing an import.
         // let's remove the old one and go with the new one.
         this.configurationclasses.remove(configclass);
         this.knownsuperclasses.values().removeif(configclass::equals);
      }
   }

   // recursively process the configuration class and its superclass hierarchy.
   sourceclass sourceclass = assourceclass(configclass);
   do {
     //【真正解析配置类】
      sourceclass = doprocessconfigurationclass(configclass, sourceclass);
   }
   while (sourceclass != null);
   //再次添加到到集合中
   this.configurationclasses.put(configclass, configclass);
}

doprocessconfigurationclass方法主要实现从配置类中解析所有bean,包括处理内部类,父类以及各种注解

configurationclassparser. doprocessconfigurationclass()解析配置类逻辑如下:

protected final sourceclass doprocessconfigurationclass(configurationclass configclass, sourceclass sourceclass)
      throws ioexception {

   //递归处理任何成员(嵌套)类
   processmemberclasses(configclass, sourceclass);

   // 处理@propertysource注解
   for (annotationattributes propertysource : annotationconfigutils.attributesforrepeatable(
         sourceclass.getmetadata(), propertysources.class,
         org.springframework.context.annotation.propertysource.class)) {
      if (this.environment instanceof configurableenvironment) {
         processpropertysource(propertysource);
      }
      else {
         logger.warn("ignoring @propertysource annotation on [" + sourceclass.getmetadata().getclassname() +
               "]. reason: environment must implement configurableenvironment");
      }
   }

   // 处理@componentscan 
   //获取@componentscan注解信息
   set<annotationattributes> componentscans = annotationconfigutils.attributesforrepeatable(
         sourceclass.getmetadata(), componentscans.class, componentscan.class);
   if (!componentscans.isempty() &&
         !this.conditionevaluator.shouldskip(sourceclass.getmetadata(), configurationphase.register_bean)) {
      for (annotationattributes componentscan : componentscans) {

         // 按@cmponentscan注解扫描bean
         set<beandefinitionholder> scannedbeandefinitions =
               this.componentscanparser.parse(componentscan, sourceclass.getmetadata().getclassname());
         // 遍历扫描出的bean定义是否是配置类bean
         for (beandefinitionholder holder : scannedbeandefinitions) {
            beandefinition bdcand = holder.getbeandefinition().getoriginatingbeandefinition();
            if (bdcand == null) {
               bdcand = holder.getbeandefinition();
            }
            //若果扫描出的bean定义是配置类(含有@configuration),则继续调用parse方法,内部再次调用doprocessconfigurationclas(),递归解析
            if (configurationclassutils.checkconfigurationclasscandidate(bdcand, this.metadatareaderfactory)) {
               parse(bdcand.getbeanclassname(), holder.getbeanname());
            }
         }
      }
   }

   //处理@import注解
   processimports(configclass, sourceclass, getimports(sourceclass), true);

   //处理@importresource注解
   annotationattributes importresource = annotationconfigutils.attributesfor(sourceclass.getmetadata(), importresource.class);
   if (importresource != null) {
      string[] resources = importresource.getstringarray("locations");
      class<? extends beandefinitionreader> readerclass = importresource.getclass("reader");
      for (string resource : resources) {
         string resolvedresource = this.environment.resolverequiredplaceholders(resource);
         configclass.addimportedresource(resolvedresource, readerclass);
      }
   }

   //处理@bean注解 
   set<methodmetadata> beanmethods = retrievebeanmethodmetadata(sourceclass);
   for (methodmetadata methodmetadata : beanmethods) {
      //将解析出的所有@bean注解方法添加到configclass配置类信息中
      configclass.addbeanmethod(new beanmethod(methodmetadata, configclass));
   }

   //处理接口中所有添加@bean注解的方法,内部通过遍历所有接口,解析得到@bean注解方法,并添加到configclass配置类信息中
   processinterfaces(configclass, sourceclass);

   // 如果有父类,则返回父类,递归执行doprocessconfigurationclass()解析父类
   if (sourceclass.getmetadata().hassuperclass()) {
      string superclass = sourceclass.getmetadata().getsuperclassname();
      if (superclass != null && !superclass.startswith("java") &&
            !this.knownsuperclasses.containskey(superclass)) {
         this.knownsuperclasses.put(superclass, configclass);
         // superclass found, return its annotation metadata and recurse
         return sourceclass.getsuperclass();
      }
   }

   // no superclass -> processing is complete
   return null;
}

下面看两个很重要的注解@bean和@componentscan的实现过程

  • @componentscan注解解析过程

set<beandefinitionholder> scannedbeandefinitions =  this.componentscanparser.parse(componentscan, sourceclass.getmetadata().getclassname());

@componentscan注解解析,从上面的代码可以看出@componentscan注解解析通过调用componentscanannotationparser的parse方法完成,而parse()方法内部处理了一些scanner属性(过滤器设置)和basepackages包名处理,最终通过调用classpathbeandefinitionscanner.doscan方法实现扫面工作

public set<beandefinitionholder> parse(annotationattributes componentscan, final string declaringclass) {
   classpathbeandefinitionscanner scanner = new classpathbeandefinitionscanner(this.registry,
         componentscan.getboolean("usedefaultfilters"), this.environment, this.resourceloader);

   class<? extends beannamegenerator> generatorclass = componentscan.getclass("namegenerator");
   boolean useinheritedgenerator = (beannamegenerator.class == generatorclass);
   scanner.setbeannamegenerator(useinheritedgenerator ? this.beannamegenerator :
         beanutils.instantiateclass(generatorclass));

   scopedproxymode scopedproxymode = componentscan.getenum("scopedproxy");
   if (scopedproxymode != scopedproxymode.default) {
      scanner.setscopedproxymode(scopedproxymode);
   }
   else {
      class<? extends scopemetadataresolver> resolverclass = componentscan.getclass("scoperesolver");
      scanner.setscopemetadataresolver(beanutils.instantiateclass(resolverclass));
   }

   scanner.setresourcepattern(componentscan.getstring("resourcepattern"));

   for (annotationattributes filter : componentscan.getannotationarray("includefilters")) {
      for (typefilter typefilter : typefiltersfor(filter)) {
         scanner.addincludefilter(typefilter);
      }
   }
   for (annotationattributes filter : componentscan.getannotationarray("excludefilters")) {
      for (typefilter typefilter : typefiltersfor(filter)) {
         scanner.addexcludefilter(typefilter);
      }
   }

   boolean lazyinit = componentscan.getboolean("lazyinit");
   if (lazyinit) {
      scanner.getbeandefinitiondefaults().setlazyinit(true);
   }

   set<string> basepackages = new linkedhashset<>();
   string[] basepackagesarray = componentscan.getstringarray("basepackages");
   for (string pkg : basepackagesarray) {
      string[] tokenized = stringutils.tokenizetostringarray(this.environment.resolveplaceholders(pkg),
            configurableapplicationcontext.config_location_delimiters);
      collections.addall(basepackages, tokenized);
   }
   for (class<?> clazz : componentscan.getclassarray("basepackageclasses")) {
      basepackages.add(classutils.getpackagename(clazz));
   }
   if (basepackages.isempty()) {
      basepackages.add(classutils.getpackagename(declaringclass));
   }

   scanner.addexcludefilter(new abstracttypehierarchytraversingfilter(false, false) {
      @override
      protected boolean matchclassname(string classname) {
         return declaringclass.equals(classname);
      }
   });
   return scanner.doscan(stringutils.tostringarray(basepackages));
}

doscan扫描basepackages下所有bean

protected set<beandefinitionholder> doscan(string... basepackages) {
   assert.notempty(basepackages, "at least one base package must be specified");
   set<beandefinitionholder> beandefinitions = new linkedhashset<>();
   for (string basepackage : basepackages) {
    //根据basepackage加载包下所有java文件,并扫描出所有bean组件    
      set<beandefinition> candidates = findcandidatecomponents(basepackage);
    //遍历beandefition
      for (beandefinition candidate : candidates) {
      //解析作用域scope
         scopemetadata scopemetadata = this.scopemetadataresolver.resolvescopemetadata(candidate);
         candidate.setscope(scopemetadata.getscopename());
         string beanname = this.beannamegenerator.generatebeanname(candidate, this.registry);
         if (candidate instanceof abstractbeandefinition) {
            postprocessbeandefinition((abstractbeandefinition) candidate, beanname);
         }
      //通用注解解析到candidate结构中,主要是处理lazy, primary dependson, role ,description这五个注解
         if (candidate instanceof annotatedbeandefinition) {
            annotationconfigutils.processcommondefinitionannotations((annotatedbeandefinition) candidate);
         }
      //检查当前bean是否已经注册,不存在则注册
         if (checkcandidate(beanname, candidate)) {
            beandefinitionholder definitionholder = new beandefinitionholder(candidate, beanname);
            definitionholder = annotationconfigutils.applyscopedproxymode(scopemetadata, definitionholder, this.registry);
            beandefinitions.add(definitionholder);
        // 注册到ioc容器中,主要是一些@component组件,@bean注解方法并没有在此处注册,beanname和beandefinition 键值对
            registerbeandefinition(definitionholder, this.registry);
         }
      }
   }
   return beandefinitions;
}

classpathbeandefinitionscanner.scancandidatecomponents实现bean定义信息扫描

private set<beandefinition> scancandidatecomponents(string basepackage) {
   set<beandefinition> candidates = new linkedhashset<>();
   try {
   // @componentscan("com.sl.springlearning.extension")包路径处理:packagesearchpath = classpath*:com/sl/springlearning/extension/**/*.class
      string packagesearchpath = resourcepatternresolver.classpath_all_url_prefix +
            resolvebasepackage(basepackage) + '/' + this.resourcepattern;
   //获取当前包下所有的class文件
      resource[] resources = getresourcepatternresolver().getresources(packagesearchpath);
      boolean traceenabled = logger.istraceenabled();
      boolean debugenabled = logger.isdebugenabled();
      for (resource resource : resources) {
         if (traceenabled) {
            logger.trace("scanning " + resource);
         }
         if (resource.isreadable()) {
            try {
               metadatareader metadatareader = getmetadatareaderfactory().getmetadatareader(resource);
          //按照scanner过滤器过滤,比如配置类本身将被过滤掉,没有@component等组件注解的类将过滤掉
               //包含@component注解的组件将创建beandefinition
               if (iscandidatecomponent(metadatareader)) {
                  scannedgenericbeandefinition sbd = new scannedgenericbeandefinition(metadatareader);
                  sbd.setresource(resource);
                  sbd.setsource(resource);
                  if (iscandidatecomponent(sbd)) {
                     if (debugenabled) {
                        logger.debug("identified candidate component class: " + resource);
                     }
                     candidates.add(sbd);
                  }
                  else {
                     if (debugenabled) {
                        logger.debug("ignored because not a concrete top-level class: " + resource);
                     }
                  }
               } else {
                  if (traceenabled) {
                     logger.trace("ignored because not matching any filter: " + resource);
                  }
               }
            }
            catch (throwable ex) {
               throw new beandefinitionstoreexception(
                     "failed to read candidate component class: " + resource, ex);
            }
         }
         else {
            if (traceenabled) {
               logger.trace("ignored because not readable: " + resource);
            }
         }
      }
   }
   catch (ioexception ex) {
      throw new beandefinitionstoreexception("i/o failure during classpath scanning", ex);
   }
   return candidates;
}
  • @bean注解解析过程

retrievebeanmethodmetadata方法实现了@bean方法的解析,但并未将实现bean实例的创建。

private set<methodmetadata> retrievebeanmethodmetadata(sourceclass sourceclass) {
   annotationmetadata original = sourceclass.getmetadata();
    //获取所有@bean注解的方法
   set<methodmetadata> beanmethods = original.getannotatedmethods(bean.class.getname());
    // 如果配置类中有多个@bean注解的方法,则排序
   if (beanmethods.size() > 1 && original instanceof standardannotationmetadata) {
      // try reading the class file via asm for deterministic declaration order...
      // unfortunately, the jvm's standard reflection returns methods in arbitrary
      // order, even between different runs of the same application on the same jvm.
      try {
         annotationmetadata asm =
               this.metadatareaderfactory.getmetadatareader(original.getclassname()).getannotationmetadata();
         set<methodmetadata> asmmethods = asm.getannotatedmethods(bean.class.getname());
         if (asmmethods.size() >= beanmethods.size()) {
            set<methodmetadata> selectedmethods = new linkedhashset<>(asmmethods.size());
            for (methodmetadata asmmethod : asmmethods) {
               for (methodmetadata beanmethod : beanmethods) {
                  if (beanmethod.getmethodname().equals(asmmethod.getmethodname())) {
                     selectedmethods.add(beanmethod);
                     break;
                  }
               }
            }
            if (selectedmethods.size() == beanmethods.size()) {
               // all reflection-detected methods found in asm method set -> proceed
               beanmethods = selectedmethods;
            }
         }
      }
      catch (ioexception ex) {
         logger.debug("failed to read class file via asm for determining @bean method order", ex);
         // no worries, let's continue with the reflection metadata we started with...
      }
   }
   return beanmethods;
}

3.加载bean定义信息  this.reader.loadbeandefinitions(configclasses)

  回到configurationclasspostprocessor#processconfigbeandefinitions方法,当调用完parse方法之后,能得到一批configurationclass集合,但是这时候只是获取到,而容器中还没有对应的注册信息,那么接下来就是对这批集合进行注册处理

  configurationclassbeandefinitionreader.loadbeandefinitions()方法的功能就是将之前解析出的configclasses配置类信息中所有配置相关的信息添加到spring的bean定义,主要是配置类中的@bean注解方法,配置类@importresource和@import(实现importbeandefinitionregistrar接口方式)的bean注册

configurationclassbeandefinitionreader.loadbeandefinitions()方法 实现逻辑如下:

public void loadbeandefinitions(set<configurationclass> configurationmodel) {
   trackedconditionevaluator trackedconditionevaluator = new trackedconditionevaluator();
   for (configurationclass configclass : configurationmodel) {
      loadbeandefinitionsforconfigurationclass(configclass, trackedconditionevaluator);
   }
}
private void loadbeandefinitionsforconfigurationclass(
      configurationclass configclass, trackedconditionevaluator trackedconditionevaluator) {
     if (trackedconditionevaluator.shouldskip(configclass)) {
      string beanname = configclass.getbeanname();
      if (stringutils.haslength(beanname) && this.registry.containsbeandefinition(beanname)) {
         this.registry.removebeandefinition(beanname);
      }
      this.importregistry.removeimportingclass(configclass.getmetadata().getclassname());
      return;
   }
    //与@import注解相关
   if (configclass.isimported()) {
      registerbeandefinitionforimportedconfigurationclass(configclass);
   }
  //将@bean方法注册为bean
   for (beanmethod beanmethod : configclass.getbeanmethods()) {
      loadbeandefinitionsforbeanmethod(beanmethod);
   }
   //将configclass中中importresource指定的资源注册为bean
   loadbeandefinitionsfromimportedresources(configclass.getimportedresources());
    //将configclass中importedregistrar注册为bean
   loadbeandefinitionsfromregistrars(configclass.getimportbeandefinitionregistrars());
}

主要看下loadbeandefinitionsforbeanmethod方法

private void loadbeandefinitionsforbeanmethod(beanmethod beanmethod) {
    configurationclass configclass = beanmethod.getconfigurationclass();
    methodmetadata metadata = beanmethod.getmetadata();
    //获取方法名
    string methodname = metadata.getmethodname();

    // do we need to mark the bean as skipped by its condition?
    if (this.conditionevaluator.shouldskip(metadata, configurationphase.register_bean)) {
        configclass.skippedbeanmethods.add(methodname);
        return;
    }
    if (configclass.skippedbeanmethods.contains(methodname)) {
        return;
    }

    //获取@bean注解的元数据信息
    annotationattributes bean = annotationconfigutils.attributesfor(metadata, bean.class);
    assert.state(bean != null, "no @bean annotation attributes");

    // consider name and any aliases
    //获取@bean注解是否有name属性,如@bean(name = "mybean")
    list<string> names = new arraylist<>(arrays.aslist(bean.getstringarray("name")));
    //默认bean的名称和方法名称相同,但是如果设置了name,就取name作为beanname
    string beanname = (!names.isempty() ? names.remove(0) : methodname);

    //创建一个beanmethod的beandefinition
    configurationclassbeandefinition beandef = new configurationclassbeandefinition(configclass, metadata);
    beandef.setresource(configclass.getresource());
    beandef.setsource(this.sourceextractor.extractsource(metadata, configclass.getresource()));

    //设置工厂方法
    //后期bean的实例化,getbean的时候,会判断beanmethod是否存在factorymethod,如果存在,就使用反射调用工厂方法,返回工厂方法中的对象
    if (metadata.isstatic()) {
        // static @bean method
        beandef.setbeanclassname(configclass.getmetadata().getclassname());
        beandef.setfactorymethodname(methodname);
    }
    else {
        // instance @bean method
        beandef.setfactorybeanname(configclass.getbeanname());
        beandef.setuniquefactorymethodname(methodname);
    }
    //....
    this.registry.registerbeandefinition(beanname, beandeftoregister);
}

上面只列出了核心代码,主要是构造了beandefinition,然后注册进容器,而beandefinition的一些属性则是由注解中获取,这部分代码省略。

另外,可以看到@bean的方式构造的beandefinition的时候,与普通的不同,这种方式是会设置工厂方法去初始化,也就是说,appconfig 类下的appbean方法被spring当成一个工厂方法,也就是说这种方式与下列的初始化方式原理类似:

<bean id="appconfig" class="com.example.springboot.springbootdemo.bean.appconfig"/>

<bean id="appbean" factory-bean="appconfig" factory-method="appbean"></bean>

总结

处理逻辑理了一遍后,看一下configurationclasspostprocessor处理器解析@configuration配置类主要过程:

  1. spring容器初始化时注册默认后置处理器configurationclasspostprocessor

  2. spring容器初始化执行refresh()方法中调用configurationclasspostprocessor

  3. configurationclasspostprocessor处理器借助configurationclassparser完成配置类解析

  4. configurationclassparser配置内解析过程中完成嵌套的memberclass、@propertysource注解、@componentscan注解(扫描package下的所有class并进行迭代解析,主要是@component组件解析及注册)、@importresource、@bean等处理

  5. 完成@bean注册, @importresource指定bean的注册以及@import(实现importbeandefinitionregistrar接口方式)的bean注册

  6.有@bean注解的方法在解析的时候作为configurationclass的一个属性,最后还是会转换成beandefinition进行处理, 而实例化的时候会作为一个工厂方法进行bean的创建