mysql安装配置方法图文教程(CentOS7)

一、系统环境

 [root@localhost home]# cat /etc/redhat-release

 centos linux release 7.2.1511 (core)

二、mysql安装

安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，如下：

[root@localhost home]# yum install mysql-server
 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
 repodata is over 2 weeks old. install yum-cron? or run: yum makecache fast
 base         | 3.6 kb 00:00:00 
 extras         | 3.4 kb 00:00:00 
 updates         | 3.4 kb 00:00:00 
 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz      | 155 kb 00:00:01 
 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db     | 139 kb 00:00:01 
 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db      | 5.6 mb 00:00:38 
 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db     | 4.7 mb 00:00:39 
 loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
 没有可用软件包 mysql-server。
 错误：无须任何处理

出现这样问题是centos 7 版本将mysql数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了

有两种解决办法：

方法一：安装mariadb

mariadb数据库管理系统是mysql的一个分支，采用gpl授权许可 mariadb的目的是完全兼容mysql，包括api和命令行，使之能轻松成为mysql的代替品。mariadb由mysql的创始人michael widenius（英语：michael widenius）主导开发，他早前将自己创建的公司mysql ab卖给了sun，此后，随着sun被甲骨文收购，mysql的所有权也落入oracle的手中。mariadb名称来自michael widenius的女儿maria的名字。

安装mariadb，输入安装命令

[root@localhost home]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb

mariadb数据库的相关命令是：

 systemctl start mariadb #启动mariadb
 systemctl stop mariadb #停止mariadb
 systemctl restart mariadb #重启mariadb
 systemctl enable mariadb #设置开机启动

先启动数据库

  [root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb

默认无密码

[root@localhost lzh]# mysql -u root -p
enter password: 
welcome to the mariadb monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mariadb connection id is 6
server version: 5.5.52-mariadb mariadb server

copyright (c) 2000, 2016, oracle, mariadb corporation ab and others.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mariadb [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# yum install mysql-community-server

安装成功后重启mysql服务

    # service mysqld restart

初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码

[root@localhost lzh]# mysql -u root 
welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 3
server version: 5.6.26 mysql community server (gpl)

copyright (c) 2000, 2015, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.

oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

设置密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@localhost lzh]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

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