使用Python抓取豆瓣影评数据的方法

抓取豆瓣影评评分

正常的抓取

分析请求的url

https://movie.douban.com/subject/26322642/comments?start=20&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=p&percent_type=

里面有用的也就是start和limit参数，我尝试过修改limit参数，但是没有效果，可以认为是默认的
start参数是用来设置从第几条数据开始查询的

• 设计查询列表，发现页面中有url中的查询部分，且指向下一个页面

于是采用下面的代码进行判断是否还有下一个页面

if next_url:
    visit_url('https://movie.douban.com/subject/24753477/comments'+next_url)

• 用requests发送请求，beautifulsoup进行网页解析

把数据写入txt

import requests
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
first_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26322642/comments?status=p'
# 请求头部
headers = {
  'host':'movie.douban.com',
  'referer':'https://movie.douban.com/subject/24753477/?tag=%e7%83%ad%e9%97%a8&from=gaia_video',
  'upgrade-insecure-requests':'1',
  'user-agent':'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/55.0.2883.87 safari/537.36',
}
def visit_url(url):
  res = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
  soup = beautifulsoup(res.content,'html5lib')
  div_comment = soup.find_all('div',class_='comment-item') # 找到所有的评论模块
  for com in div_comment:
    username = com.find('div',class_='avatar').a['title']
    comment_time = com.find('span',class_='comment-time')['title']
    votes = com.find('span',class_='votes').get_text()
    comment = com.p.get_text()
    with open('1.txt','a',encoding='utf8') as file:
      file.write('评论人：'+username+'\n')
      file.write('评论时间：'+comment_time+'\n')
      file.write('支持人数：'+votes+'\n')
      file.write('评论内容：'+comment+'\n')
  # 检查是否有下一页
  next_url = soup.find('a',class_='next')
  if next_url:
    temp = next_url['href'].strip().split('&') # 获取下一个url
    next_url = ''.join(temp)
    print(next_url)
  # print(next_url)
  if next_url:
    visit_url('https://movie.douban.com/subject/24753477/comments'+next_url)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  visit_url(first_url)

模仿移动端

很多时候模仿移动端获得的页面会比pc端的简单，更加容易解析，这次模拟移动端，发现可以直接访问api获取json格式的数据，nice!

至于怎么模拟移动端只需要将user-agent修改为移动端的头

useragents = [
  "mozilla/5.0 (iphone; cpu iphone os 9_2 like mac os x) applewebkit/601.1 (khtml, like gecko) crios/47.0.2526.70 mobile/13c71 safari/601.1.46",
  "mozilla/5.0 (linux; u; android 4.4.4; nexus 5 build/ktu84p) applewebkit/534.30 (khtml, like gecko) version/4.0 mobile safari/534.30",
  "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 9.0; windows phone os 7.5; trident/5.0; iemobile/9.0)"

怎么获取这些头部？用火狐的插件user-agent switcher

之后的操作就是解析json

import random
import requests
import json
import time
first_url = 'https://m.douban.com/rexxar/api/v2/tv/26322642/interests?count=20&order_by=hot&start=0&ck=dnhr&for_mobile=1'
url = 'https://m.douban.com/rexxar/api/v2/tv/26322642/interests'
# 移动端头部信息
useragents = [
  "mozilla/5.0 (iphone; cpu iphone os 9_2 like mac os x) applewebkit/601.1 (khtml, like gecko) crios/47.0.2526.70 mobile/13c71 safari/601.1.46",
  "mozilla/5.0 (linux; u; android 4.4.4; nexus 5 build/ktu84p) applewebkit/534.30 (khtml, like gecko) version/4.0 mobile safari/534.30",
  "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 9.0; windows phone os 7.5; trident/5.0; iemobile/9.0)"
]
def visit_url(i):
  print(">>>>>",i)
  # 请求头部
  headers = {
    'host':'m.douban.com',
    'upgrade-insecure-requests':'1',
    'user-agent':random.choice(useragents)
  }
  params = {
    'count':'50',
    'order_by':'hot',
    'start':str(i),
    'for_mobile':'1',
    'ck':'dnhr'
  }
  res = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers,params=params)
  res_json = res.json()
  interests = res_json['interests']
  print(len(interests))
  for item in interests:
    with open('huge.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as file:
      if item['user']:
        if item['user']['name']:
          file.write('评论用户:'+item['user']['name']+'\n')
      else:
        file.write('评论用户:none\n')
      if item['create_time']:
        file.write('评论时间:'+item['create_time']+'\n')
      else:
        file.write('评论时间:none\n')
      if item['comment']:
        file.write('评论内容:'+item['comment']+'\n')
      else:
        file.write('评论内容:none\n')
      if item['rating']:
        if item['rating']['value']:
          file.write('对电影的评分:'+str(item['rating']['value'])+'\n\n')
      else:
        file.write('对电影的评分:none\n')
if __name__ == '__main__':
  for i in range(0,66891,20):
    # time.sleep(2)
    visit_url(i)

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