欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  网络运营

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

程序员文章站 2023-03-25 07:53:21
前言 nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反...

前言

nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反向代理。

而在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置可以参考)。

下面举个小实例说明下:

centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库

1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括nginx的库,安装nginx的库

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/rpms/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

2)使用下面命令安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx

3)nginx配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test!!!!

4)启动nginx

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service

5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!

看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试

为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:

[root@bastion-idc ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-idc ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-idc ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):

[root@bastion-idc ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:

1)第一种情况:

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面

注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带"/"),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<head><title>301 moved permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 moved permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center>
</body>
</html>

页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都会失败!

这样配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

3)第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

上面配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败!

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/",下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况:

1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带"/":

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

3)第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对的支持。