Nacos+Spring Cloud Gateway动态路由配置
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2022-11-20 23:23:34
前言 Nacos最近项目一直在使用，其简单灵活，支持更细粒度的命令空间，分组等为麻烦复杂的环境切换提供了方便；同时也很好支持动态路由的配置，只需要简单的几步即可。在国产的注册中心、配置中心中比较突出，容易上手，本文通过gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三个简单 ......
前言
nacos最近项目一直在使用，其简单灵活，支持更细粒度的命令空间，分组等为麻烦复杂的环境切换提供了方便；同时也很好支持动态路由的配置，只需要简单的几步即可。在国产的注册中心、配置中心中比较突出，容易上手，本文通过gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三个简单模块来展示：nacos下动态路由配置。
一、nacos环境准备
1、启动nacos配置中心并创建路由配置
具体的nacos怎么配置就不介绍了，可以参考阿里巴巴的官方介绍，这里通过windows直接本地启动开启单机模式，登录nacos console，创建dev的namespace，在dev下的默认分组下创建gateway-router的dataid
gateway-router的主要初始化配置如下：关于gateway的组成（id，order、predicates断言，uri）这里就不详细说明的了，可以自行百度下
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
}]
2、连接nacos配置中心
通常在项目中配置“配置中心”往往都是在bootstrap.propertis(yaml)中配置，这样才能保证项目中路由配置从nacos config中读取。
# nacos配置中心配置建议在bootstrap.properties中配置 spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848 #spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=properties # 配置中心的命名空间：dev 的命名空间（环境） spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
application启动类中增加注解@enablediscoveryclient，才能保证连接到nacos config
@springbootapplication
@enablediscoveryclient
public class gatewayapplication
{
public static void main( string[] args )
{
springapplication.run(gatewayapplication.class, args);
}
}
二、项目构建
1、项目结构
创建简单的spring boot多模块结构，推荐使用idea创建
1）nacos父模块：
<groupid>com.springcloud</groupid> <artifactid>nacos</artifactid> <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version> <name>nacos</name> <description>nacos demo</description>
首先pom文件引入spring cloud alibaba nacos组件：注册中心nacos-discovery与配置中心nacos-config
<!--nacos 客户端 注册中心-->
<dependency>
<groupid>com.alibaba.cloud</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactid>
<version>${alibaba-nacos.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--nacos 客户端 配置中心-->
<dependency>
<groupid>com.alibaba.cloud</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactid>
<version>${alibaba-nacos.version}</version>
</dependency>
其次再引入spring cloud相关组件依赖
<dependencymanagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactid>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencymanagement>
其它组件依赖引入：
<dependency>
<groupid>com.alibaba</groupid>
<artifactid>fastjson</artifactid>
<version>${fastjson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.projectlombok</groupid>
<artifactid>lombok</artifactid>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.slf4j</groupid>
<artifactid>slf4j-api</artifactid>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactid>
</dependency>
注意，这里有个坑，spring cloud gateway使用的web框架为webflux，和springmvc不兼容。所以不要引入
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
</dependency>
2）三个子模块：gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider
<modules> <module>nacos-provider</module> <module>nacos-consumer</module> <module>gateway</module> </modules>
结构截图如下所示：
3）三个服务的端口分别为：
nacos-consume:6001
nacos-provider:6002
gateway：6003
4）服务架构如下：
2、编写测试代码
（1）在gateway模块中主要实现以下功能：
第一，从nacos配置中心中加载动态路由的相关配置，就需要读取nacos的命名空间namespace，通过dataid获取配置
/**
* 路由类配置
*/
@configuration
public class gatewayconfig {
public static final long default_timeout = 30000;
public static string nacos_server_addr;
public static string nacos_namespace;
public static string nacos_route_data_id;
public static string nacos_route_group;
@value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr}")
public void setnacosserveraddr(string nacosserveraddr){
nacos_server_addr = nacosserveraddr;
}
@value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace}")
public void setnacosnamespace(string nacosnamespace){
nacos_namespace = nacosnamespace;
}
@value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id}")
public void setnacosroutedataid(string nacosroutedataid){
nacos_route_data_id = nacosroutedataid;
}
@value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.group}")
public void setnacosroutegroup(string nacosroutegroup){
nacos_route_group = nacosroutegroup;
}
}
properties配置关于nacos下读取gateway-router的配置：
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848 spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id=gateway-router nacos.gateway.route.config.group=default_group
第二，初始化路由，监听动态路由配置的数据源变化；
/**
*
* 通过nacos下发动态路由配置,监听nacos中gateway-route配置
*
*/
@component
@slf4j
@dependson({"gatewayconfig"}) // 依赖于gatewayconfig bean
public class dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos {
@autowired
private dynamicrouteserviceimpl dynamicrouteservice;
private configservice configservice;
@postconstruct
public void init() {
log.info("gateway route init...");
try{
configservice = initconfigservice();
if(configservice == null){
log.warn("initconfigservice fail");
return;
}
string configinfo = configservice.getconfig(gatewayconfig.nacos_route_data_id, gatewayconfig.nacos_route_group, gatewayconfig.default_timeout);
log.info("获取网关当前配置:\r\n{}",configinfo);
list<routedefinition> definitionlist = json.parsearray(configinfo, routedefinition.class);
for(routedefinition definition : definitionlist){
log.info("update route : {}",definition.tostring());
dynamicrouteservice.add(definition);
}
} catch (exception e) {
log.error("初始化网关路由时发生错误",e);
}
dynamicroutebynacoslistener(gatewayconfig.nacos_route_data_id,gatewayconfig.nacos_route_group);
}
/**
* 监听nacos下发的动态路由配置
* @param dataid
* @param group
*/
public void dynamicroutebynacoslistener (string dataid, string group){
try {
configservice.addlistener(dataid, group, new listener() {
@override
public void receiveconfiginfo(string configinfo) {
log.info("进行网关更新:\n\r{}",configinfo);
list<routedefinition> definitionlist = json.parsearray(configinfo, routedefinition.class);
for(routedefinition definition : definitionlist){
log.info("update route : {}",definition.tostring());
dynamicrouteservice.update(definition);
}
}
@override
public executor getexecutor() {
log.info("getexecutor\n\r");
return null;
}
});
} catch (nacosexception e) {
log.error("从nacos接收动态路由配置出错!!!",e);
}
}
/**
* 初始化网关路由 nacos config
* @return
*/
private configservice initconfigservice(){
try{
properties properties = new properties();
properties.setproperty("serveraddr",gatewayconfig.nacos_server_addr);
properties.setproperty("namespace",gatewayconfig.nacos_namespace);
return configservice= nacosfactory.createconfigservice(properties);
} catch (exception e) {
log.error("初始化网关路由时发生错误",e);
return null;
}
}
}
第三，刷新最新的动态路由变化，实现动态增删改路由
/**
* 动态更新路由网关service
* 1）实现一个spring提供的事件推送接口applicationeventpublisheraware
* 2）提供动态路由的基础方法，可通过获取bean操作该类的方法。该类提供新增路由、更新路由、删除路由，然后实现发布的功能。
*/
@slf4j
@service
public class dynamicrouteserviceimpl implements applicationeventpublisheraware {
@autowired
private routedefinitionwriter routedefinitionwriter;
/**
* 发布事件
*/
@autowired
private applicationeventpublisher publisher;
@override
public void setapplicationeventpublisher(applicationeventpublisher applicationeventpublisher) {
this.publisher = applicationeventpublisher;
}
/**
* 删除路由
* @param id
* @return
*/
public string delete(string id) {
try {
log.info("gateway delete route id {}",id);
this.routedefinitionwriter.delete(mono.just(id));
return "delete success";
} catch (exception e) {
return "delete fail";
}
}
/**
* 更新路由
* @param definition
* @return
*/
public string update(routedefinition definition) {
try {
log.info("gateway update route {}",definition);
this.routedefinitionwriter.delete(mono.just(definition.getid()));
} catch (exception e) {
return "update fail,not find route routeid: "+definition.getid();
}
try {
routedefinitionwriter.save(mono.just(definition)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishevent(new refreshroutesevent(this));
return "success";
} catch (exception e) {
return "update route fail";
}
}
/**
* 增加路由
* @param definition
* @return
*/
public string add(routedefinition definition) {
log.info("gateway add route {}",definition);
routedefinitionwriter.save(mono.just(definition)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishevent(new refreshroutesevent(this));
return "success";
}
}
（2）在consumer创建consumecontroller：通过访问gateway网关/consume/sayhello/{name}（"pattern": "/consume/**"）,跳转至nacos-consumer服务（"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"），
@requestmapping("/consume/")
@slf4j
public class consumecontroller {
@getmapping("/sayhello/{name}")
public string sayhello(@pathvariable("name") string name){
log.info("i'm calling nacos-consumer service by dynamic gateway...");
return name + " hi~, i'm from nacos-consumer";
}
}
（3）在provider创建providercontroller：通过访问gateway网关/provide/sayhello/{name}（"pattern": "/provide/**"）,跳转至nacos-provider服务（"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"）
@restcontroller
@requestmapping("/provide/")
@slf4j
public class providercontroller {
@getmapping("/sayhello/{name}")
public string sayhello(@pathvariable("name") string name){
log.info("i'm calling nacos-provider service by dynamic gateway...");
return name + " hi~, i'm from nacos-provider";
}
}
三、测试动态网关配置
1、启动服务，观察注册中心
分别启动gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三个服务，观察是否已经在nacos上正确注册
注意：需要指定注册中心的namespace为dev的空间，即spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
2、访问网关，观察服务日志
（1）查看gateway服务的初始化启动日志：会发现可以正常从nacos获取配置gateway-router网关配置文件内容，并进行正确路由加载...
2020-05-10 14:33:44.557 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : gateway route init...
2020-05-10 14:33:44.578 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : 获取网关当前配置:
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
}]
2020-05-10 14:33:44.691 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : update route : routedefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:44.691 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.service.dynamicrouteserviceimpl : gateway add route routedefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.192 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [after]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.192 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [before]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.192 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [between]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.193 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [cookie]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.193 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [header]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.193 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [host]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [method]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [path]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [query]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [readbodypredicatefactory]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [remoteaddr]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [weight]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 info 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.routedefinitionroutelocator : loaded routepredicatefactory [cloudfoundryrouteservice]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.335 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : update route : routedefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.335 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.service.dynamicrouteserviceimpl : gateway add route routedefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.336 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : update route : routedefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/github}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=3, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.336 info 1272 --- [ main] c.g.service.dynamicrouteserviceimpl : gateway add route routedefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/github}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=3, metadata={}}
但这只能说明是初始化静态路由，下面我们改变gateway-router网关配置内容，追加github-router路由
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
},{
"id": "github-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/github/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "https://github.com"
}]
之后点击发布更新路由配置
观察gateway服务日志，有没有监听，并且进行正确的路由更新：如下日志所示，最新路由配置立马被打印，并且进行正确路由更新
2020-05-10 14:42:27.576 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : 进行网关更新:
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
},{
"id": "github-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/github/**"
},
"name": "path"
}],
"uri": "https://github.com"
}]
2020-05-10 14:42:27.576 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : update route : routedefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.576 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.service.dynamicrouteserviceimpl : gateway update route routedefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.578 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : update route : routedefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.578 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.service.dynamicrouteserviceimpl : gateway update route routedefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.580 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.dynamicrouteserviceimplbynacos : update route : routedefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/github/**}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.580 info 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.service.dynamicrouteserviceimpl : gateway update route routedefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[predicatedefinition{name='path', args={pattern=/github/**}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=2, metadata={}}
其实，还有办法可以知道我们的gateway服务有没有监听nacos的gateway-router配置，那就是在nacos console--->监听查询----->选择配置---->输入配置文件的namespace与group： 可以发现我本地ip地址127.0.0.1对配置文件gateway-router进行了监听
（2）访问gateway网关服务：http://localhost:6003/consume/sayhello/nacos
查看consumer服务日志：
2020-05-10 14:55:07.257 info 6552 --- [nio-6001-exec-2] c.n.c.controller.consumecontroller : i'm calling nacos-consumer service by dynamic gateway...
发现跳转至consumer服务，并且访问了consumer服务的cosnumercontroller
（3）访问gateway网关服务：http://localhost:6003/provider/sayhello/nacos
查看provider服务日志：
2020-05-10 14:56:56.144 info 10024 --- [nio-6002-exec-1] c.n.p.controller.providercontroller : i'm calling nacos-provider service by dynamic gateway...
发现跳转至consumer服务，并且访问了provider服务的providercontroller
（4）访问访问gateway网关服务：http://localhost:6003/github，正确跳转至github页面
四、总结
1）spring cloud gateway作用不光只是简单的跳转重定向，还可以实现用户的验证登录，解决跨域，日志拦截，权限控制，限流，熔断，负载均衡，黑名单和白名单机制等。是微服务架构不二的选择；
2）nacos的配置中心支持动态获取配置文件，可以将一些全局的经常变更的配置文件放在nacos下，需要到微服务自行获取。
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