Mock、Powermock使用汇总

背景

工作中经常用到单测，某对单测掌握的不好，所以趁此学习、总结一下。

主要参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/0c2480b1709e、https://www.cnblogs.com/ljw-bim/p/9391770.html

一、不依赖外部方法的单测

1、待测试类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

/**
 * 无依赖方法
 * @classname:  notstaticmethod   
 * @description:(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)   
 * @author: 水木桶
 * @date:   2019年10月26日 上午10:37:09     
 * @copyright: 2019 [水木桶]  all rights reserved.
 */
public class norelaymethod {
    public static int add_num = 2;
    
    public static int staticaddtwo(int num) {
        return num + add_num;
    }
    
    /**
     * 非静态方法
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    public int notstaticaddtwo(int num) {
        return num + add_num;
    }
    
    /**
     * 私有非静态方法
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    private int privatenotstaticaddtow(int num) {
        return num + add_num;
    }
}

 2、单测类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

import java.lang.reflect.method;

import org.junit.assert;
import org.junit.test;
import org.junit.runner.runwith;
import org.mockito.injectmocks;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.powermockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.preparefortest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.powermockrunner;

/**
 * 参照1：https://www.jianshu.com/p/0c2480b1709e
 * 参照2：https://www.cnblogs.com/ljw-bim/p/9391770.html
 * @classname:  norelaymethodtest   
 * @description:(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)   
 * @author: 水木桶
 * @date:   2019年10月26日 下午4:14:48     
 * @copyright: 2019 [水木桶]  all rights reserved.
 */
@runwith(powermockrunner.class)
@preparefortest({norelaymethod.class})
public class norelaymethodtest {
    @injectmocks
    private norelaymethod norelaymethod;
    
    //不需要mock，可以去除上面3个注解
    @test
    public void staticaddtwo() {
        int num = 3;
        int result = norelaymethod.staticaddtwo(num);
        assert.asserttrue(result == (num + norelaymethod.add_num));
        
    }
    
    //不需要mock，可以去除上面3个注解
    @test
    public void notstaticaddtwo() {
        int num = 1;
        norelaymethod norelaymethod = new norelaymethod();
        int result = norelaymethod.notstaticaddtwo(num);
        assert.asserttrue(result == (num + norelaymethod.add_num));
    }
    
    //需要mock
    //mock私有方法
    @test
    public void privatenotstaticaddtow() throws exception {
        method method = powermockito.method(norelaymethod.class, "privatenotstaticaddtow", int.class);
        int num = 3;
        object res = method.invoke(norelaymethod, 3);
        system.out.println(res);
        assert.assertequals(num + norelaymethod.add_num, res);
    }
}

 

 3、备注

staticaddtwo和notstaticaddtwo方法不需要runwith、preparefortest、injectmocks这3个注解。

privatenotstaticaddtow涉及到私有方法，需要前面那3个注解。

二、有依赖外部静态方法的单测

1、待测试类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

/**
 * 有依赖其他静态方法
 * @classname:  relaymethod   
 * @description:(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)   
 * @author: 水木桶
 * @date:   2019年10月26日 下午3:26:01     
 * @copyright: 2019 [水木桶]  all rights reserved.
 */
public class relaystaticmethod {
    public final static string default_val = "defaultval";
    public final static string signed = "signed";
    
    /**
     * 依赖静态方法的
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public string checkandcalc(string key) {
        string returnval = null;
        string savedval = redisutil.get(key);
        if(savedval == null || savedval.length() < 1) {
            returnval = default_val;
        } else {
            returnval =  savedval + "-" + signed;
        }
        return returnval;
    }
    
}

 

 

1-1、依赖外部类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

import java.util.uuid;

public class redisutil {
    private static boolean init_state = false;
    
    public static string get(string key) {
        if(init_state) {
            return uuid.randomuuid().tostring();
        } else {
            throw new nullpointerexception("资源未初始化");
        }
    }
    
}

 

 2、单测类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

import java.util.uuid;

import org.junit.assert;
import org.junit.test;
import org.junit.runner.runwith;
import org.mockito.mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.powermockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.preparefortest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.powermockrunner;


@runwith(powermockrunner.class)
//参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/0c2480b1709e
//1、如果想要对某个类的静态方法进行mock，则必须在preparefortest后面加上相应的类名, 比如此例的redisutil.class。
@preparefortest({redisutil.class})
public class relaystaticmethodtest {
    /**
     * mock依赖的静态方法
     */
    @test
    public void checkandcalc() {
        string key1 = "jack";
        string key2 = "john";
        string val2 = uuid.randomuuid().tostring();
        
        //2、在对该类的某个方法进行mock之前，还必须先对整个类进行mock
        powermockito.mockstatic(redisutil.class);
        powermockito.when(redisutil.get(mockito.eq(key1))).thenreturn(null);
        powermockito.when(redisutil.get(mockito.eq(key2))).thenreturn(val2);
        
        relaystaticmethod relaymethod = new relaystaticmethod();
        string res = relaymethod.checkandcalc(key1);
        system.out.println("res:" + res);
        assert.assertequals(relaystaticmethod.default_val, res);
        
        res = relaymethod.checkandcalc(key2);
        system.out.println("res:" + res);
        assert.asserttrue(res.contains(relaystaticmethod.signed));
    }
    
}

 

 2-1、运行结果

res:defaultval
res:e76dc3b8-fcf5-42b8-9f79-1d308d137514-signed

 三、有依赖外部非静态方法的单测

1、待测试类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

/**
 * 参照1：https://www.jianshu.com/p/0c2480b1709e
 * 参照2：https://www.cnblogs.com/ljw-bim/p/9391770.html
 * @classname:  usercontroller   
 * @description:(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)   
 * @author: 水木桶
 * @date:   2019年10月26日 下午4:14:30     
 * @copyright: 2019 [水木桶]  all rights reserved.
 */
public class usercontroller {
    private userservice userservice = new userservice();
    
    public user saveuser(string name) {
        return userservice.save(name);
    }
}

 

1-1、依赖非静态类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

public class userservice {
    public user save(string name) {
        system.out.println("userservice--save--name:" + name);
        user u = new user(name);
        u.setid((long)(math.random() * 1000) + 2);
        return u;
    }
}

 

 1-2、相关类user

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

public class user {
    private long id;
    private string name;
    
    public user(string name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public user() {
    }

    public string getname() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setname(string name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public long getid() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setid(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
}

 

 2、单测类

package com.shuimutong.demo.junit;

import org.junit.assert;
import org.junit.test;
import org.junit.runner.runwith;
import org.mockito.injectmocks;
import org.mockito.mock;
import org.mockito.mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.powermockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.preparefortest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.powermockrunner;

/**
 * 参照1：https://www.jianshu.com/p/0c2480b1709e
 * 参照2：https://www.cnblogs.com/ljw-bim/p/9391770.html
 * @classname:  usercontrollertest   
 * @description:(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)   
 * @author: 水木桶
 * @date:   2019年10月26日 下午4:13:51     
 * @copyright: 2019 [水木桶]  all rights reserved.
 */
@runwith(powermockrunner.class)
@preparefortest({usercontroller.class})
public class usercontrollertest {
    @mock
    private userservice userservice;
    @injectmocks
    private usercontroller usercontroller;
    
    @test
    public void saveuser() {
        string name = "jack";
        //执行userservice的实际方法
        powermockito.when(userservice.save(mockito.anystring())).thencallrealmethod();
        user returnuser = usercontroller.saveuser(name);
        system.out.println("returnuser:" + returnuser);
        assert.asserttrue(returnuser.getid() > 1);
        
        long id = 1l;
        user u1 = new user(name);
        u1.setid(id);
        system.out.println("u1:" + u1);
        //mock userservice的方法
        mockito.when(userservice.save(name)).thenreturn(u1);
        returnuser = usercontroller.saveuser(name);
        //verify验证mock次数
        mockito.verify(userservice, mockito.times(2)).save(name);
        assert.assertequals(id, returnuser.getid());
        assert.assertequals(u1, returnuser);
        system.out.println("returnuser:" + returnuser);
    }
}

 

2-1、执行结果

userservice--save--name:jack
returnuser:user [id=51, name=jack]
u1:user [id=1, name=jack]
userservice--save--name:jack
returnuser:user [id=1, name=jack]

四、相关环境

1、依赖jar

<dependency>
    <groupid>junit</groupid>
    <artifactid>junit</artifactid>
    <version>4.11</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.mockito</groupid>
    <artifactid>mockito-core</artifactid>
    <version>2.10.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.powermock</groupid>
    <artifactid>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactid>
    <version>2.0.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.powermock</groupid>
    <artifactid>powermock-module-junit4</artifactid>
    <version>2.0.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

 

2、源码地址

https://gitee.com/simpleha/usedemo/tree/master/junit