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C++ string类型的几个典型应用

程序员文章站 2022-10-27 15:20:16
工程中用到了不少string的操作,总结了一下,分享学习成果。 1.替换函数,将str中的old_value替换为new_value string& replace_all_distin...

工程中用到了不少string的操作,总结了一下,分享学习成果。

1.替换函数,将str中的old_value替换为new_value

string& replace_all_distinct(string& str, const string& old_value, const string& new_value)
{
	for (string::size_type pos(0); pos != string::npos; pos += new_value.length()) {
		if ((pos = str.find(old_value, pos)) != string::npos)
			str.replace(pos, old_value.length(), new_value);
		else break;
	}
	return str;
}

测试过程:

	string str = "abc_m_dde_xxf_**plot_n_pq_df_cx-*9900))";
	cout << str << endl;
	string str2 = replace_all_distinct(str, "*", "");
	cout << str2 << endl;

输出结果:

abc_m_dde_xxf_**plot_n_pq_df_cx-*9900))
abc_m_dde_xxf_plot_n_pq_df_cx-9900))

将*替换为空,该函数只能一个一个的替换,如果有多个想要替换的对象,请多次调用函数吧。

2.字符串分割函数

vector split(std::string str, std::string pattern)
{
	std::string::size_type pos;
	vector result;
	str += pattern;//扩展字符串以方便操作
	int size = str.size();

	for (int i = 0; i

测试过程:

string str = "abc_m_dde_xxf_**plot_n_pq_df_cx-*9900))";	
cout << str << endl;
vector s_vector = split(str, "_");
for (int i = 0; i < s_vector.size(); i++)
{
	cout << tolower(s_vector[i]) << endl;
}

测试结果:

abc_m_dde_xxf_**plot_n_pq_df_cx-*9900))
abc
m
dde
xxf
**plot
n
pq
df
cx-*9900))

该函数是替换str中的pattern,存在一个vector中。

3.转为大写

string toupper(string s)
{
	transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), ::toupper);
	return s;
}

注意:需要添加头文件#include

测试过程:

	vector s_vector = split(str, "_");
	for (int i = 0; i < s_vector.size(); i++)
	{	
		cout << (s_vector[i]) << endl;
		cout << toupper(s_vector[i]) << endl;
	}

测试结果:

abc
abc
m
m
dde
dde
xxf
xxf
**plot
**plot
n
n
pq
pq
df
df
cx-*9900))
cx-*9900))

transform是algorithm自带函数。

4.转为小写

string tolower(string s)
{
	transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), ::tolower);
	return s;
}

5.判断字符串的包含关系

bool contain(string srcstr, string containstr)
{
	if (srcstr.find(containstr) < srcstr.length())
	{
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}
}

测试过程:

bool isok = contain(str, "ab");
cout << isok << endl;

输出:

1

5.double转string,结果四舍五入

string getstringfromdouble(double input, int savedigit)
{
	stringstream ss;
	ss << fixed;
	if (savedigit >= 0)
	{
		ss.precision(savedigit);
	}
	ss << input;
	string output;
	ss >> output; ss.clear();
	return output;
}

测试过程:

string ss = getstringfromdouble(2.543621, 3);
cout << ss << endl;

输出:

2.544

6.获取随机字符串

string getrandomstring(int length)
{
	const int len = 62; // 26 + 26 + 10
	char g_arrcharelem[len] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
		'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
		'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };

	if (length>0)
	{
		char* szstr = new char[length + 1];
		szstr[length] = '\0';
		//srand((unsigned)gettickcount());
		int irand = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
		{
			irand = rand() % len;
			szstr[i] = g_arrcharelem[irand];
		}
		string result = szstr;
		delete[] szstr;
		return result;
	}
	return "";
}

测试过程:

	string ss2 = getrandomstring(9);
	cout << ss2 << endl;

7.获取给定大小与数量的随机字符串,并且放到vector中

vector getrandomstringvector(int vectorsize, int length)
{
	const int len = 62; // 26 + 26 + 10
	char g_arrcharelem[len] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
		'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
		'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };


	vector retultvector;
	if (length>0)
	{
		//srand((unsigned)gettickcount());
		for (int i = 0; i

测试:

	vector s2_vector = getrandomstringvector(5, 5);
	for (int i = 0; i < s2_vector.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << s2_vector[i] << endl;
	}

8.去重一个vector,以map保存 key为vector内值,value为出现次数

vector> distinctvectordouble2pairvector(vector inputvector)
{
	vector> resultvector;
	vector tempvector;
	for (int i = 0; i());
	string lastvalue;
	for (int i = 0; i(tempvector.at(i), 1));
			lastvalue = tempvector.at(i);
		}
	}
	return resultvector;
}

测试过程:

	vector inputvector;
	inputvector.push_back(3);
	inputvector.push_back(4);
	inputvector.push_back(5);
	inputvector.push_back(6);
	inputvector.push_back(3);

	vector> p_vector = distinctvectordouble2pairvector(inputvector);
	for (int i = 0; i < p_vector.size();i++)
	{
		cout << p_vector[i].first <<" "<

9.类型为string时,统计每个的出现次数

vector> distinctvectorstring2pairvector(vector inputvector)
{
	vector> resultvector;
	vector tempvector = inputvector;
	sort(tempvector.begin(), tempvector.end(), less());
	string lastvalue;

	for (int i = 0; i(tempvector.at(i), 1));
			lastvalue = tempvector.at(i);
		}
	}
	return resultvector;
}

测试过程:

	vector inputvector2;
	inputvector2.push_back("aa");
	inputvector2.push_back("ss");
	inputvector2.push_back("bb");
	inputvector2.push_back("aa");

	vector> p_vector2 = distinctvectorstring2pairvector(inputvector2);
	for (int i = 0; i < p_vector2.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << p_vector2[i].first << " " << p_vector2[i].second << endl;
	}

输出:

aa 2
bb 1
ss 1

10.vector中找极值

void getminmaxfromvector(vector input, double& min, double& max)
{
	if (input.size() <= 0)
	{
		min = 9999;
		max = -9999;
	}
	for (int i = 0; iinput[i] ? input[i] : min;
			max = max

测试:

double min = 0, max = 0;
getminmaxfromvector(inputvector, min, max);
cout << "min=" << min << " " << "max=" << max << endl;
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