Ubuntu20.04环境安装tensorflow2的方法步骤

一、tensorflow介绍

1、简介

  tensorflow是一个基于数据流编程（dataflow programming）的符号数学系统，被广泛应用于各类机器学习（machine learning）算法的编程实现，其前身是谷歌的神经网络算法库distbelief 。tensorflow拥有多层级结构，可部署于各类服务器、pc终端和网页并支持gpu和tpu高性能数值计算，被广泛应用于谷歌内部的产品开发和各领域的科学研究 。tensorflow由谷歌人工智能团队谷歌大脑（google brain）开发和维护，拥有包括tensorflow hub、tensorflow lite、tensorflow research cloud在内的多个项目以及各类应用程序接口（application programming interface, api）。自2015年11月9日起，tensorflow依据阿帕奇授权协议（apache 2.0 open source license）开放源代码 。

2、tensorflow 支持的系统

  以下 64 位系统上测试过 tensorflow 并且这些系统支持 tensorflow：

• python 3.5–3.8
• ubuntu 16.04 或更高版本
• windows 7 或更高版本（含 c++ 可再发行软件包）
• macos 10.12.6 (sierra) 或更高版本（不支持 gpu）
• raspbian 9.0 或更高版本

二、安装步骤

1、检查确认python版本

root@ubuntuvm:~# python3 -v
python 3.8.5

2、安装venv模块

root@ubuntuvm:/home# apt install python3-venv python3-dev
reading package lists… done
building dependency tree
reading state information… done
the following additional packages will be installed:
libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dbg libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl
python3-distutils python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g zlib1g-dev
suggested packages:
glibc-doc
the following new packages will be installed:
libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl python3-dev
python3-distutils python3-venv python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g-dev
the following packages will be upgraded:
libc6 libc6-dbg zlib1g
3 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded.
need to get 21.2 mb of archives.
after this operation, 56.1 mb of additional disk space will be used.
do you want to continue? [y/n] y

3、创建项目目录

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ mkdir mytensorflow
bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ cd mytensorflow/

4、创建虚拟环境

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 -m venv tenf

5、激活虚拟环境

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ source tenf/bin/activate
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$

6、升级pip

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -v
pip 20.0.2 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip install --upgrade pip
collecting pip
downloading pip-21.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 mb 1.0 mb/s
installing collected packages: pip
attempting uninstall: pip
found existing installation: pip 20.0.2
uninstalling pip-20.0.2:
successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2
successfully installed pip-21.0
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -v
pip 21.0 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

7、安装tensorflow

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 install tensorflow
collecting tensorflow
downloading tensorflow-2.4.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (394.4 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 394.4 mb 4.9 kb/s

collecting tensorflow-estimator<2.5.0,>=2.4.0
downloading tensorflow_estimator-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (462 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 462 kb 24 kb/s
collecting astunparse~=1.6.3
downloading astunparse-1.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kb)
collecting protobuf>=3.9.2
downloading protobuf-3.14.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.0 mb 35 kb/s
collecting gast==0.3.3
downloading gast-0.3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.7 kb)
collecting flatbuffers~=1.12.0
downloading flatbuffers-1.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kb)
collecting absl-py~=0.10
downloading absl_py-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (127 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 127 kb 52 kb/s
collecting wheel~=0.35
downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kb)
collecting termcolor~=1.1.0
downloading termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz (3.9 kb)
collecting wrapt~=1.12.1
downloading wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz (27 kb)
collecting grpcio~=1.32.0
downloading grpcio-1.32.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.8 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 3.8 mb 35 kb/s
collecting six~=1.15.0
downloading six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kb)
collecting typing-extensions~=3.7.4
downloading typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (22 kb)
collecting tensorboard~=2.4
downloading tensorboard-2.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (10.6 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 10.6 mb 46 kb/s
collecting keras-preprocessing~=1.1.2
downloading keras_preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 42 kb 43 kb/s
collecting h5py~=2.10.0
downloading h5py-2.10.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.9 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 2.9 mb 46 kb/s
collecting opt-einsum~=3.3.0
downloading opt_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 65 kb 45 kb/s
collecting google-pasta~=0.2
downloading google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 57 kb 26 kb/s
collecting numpy~=1.19.2
downloading numpy-1.19.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (14.9 mb)
|████████████████████████████████| 14.9 mb 65 kb/s
collecting markdown>=2.6.8
downloading markdown-3.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (96 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 96 kb 66 kb/s
collecting google-auth-oauthlib<0.5,>=0.4.1
downloading google_auth_oauthlib-0.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kb)
collecting werkzeug>=0.11.15
downloading werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 298 kb 44 kb/s
requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=41.0.0 in ./tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from tensorboard~=2.4->tensorflow) (44.0.0)
collecting tensorboard-plugin-wit>=1.6.0
downloading tensorboard_plugin_wit-1.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (781 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 781 kb 43 kb/s
collecting requests<3,>=2.21.0
downloading requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (61 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 61 kb 57 kb/s
collecting google-auth<2,>=1.6.3
downloading google_auth-1.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (114 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 114 kb 37 kb/s
collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4
downloading rsa-4.7-py3-none-any.whl (34 kb)
collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1
downloading pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 155 kb 34 kb/s
collecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0
downloading cachetools-4.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (12 kb)
collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.7.0
downloading requests_oauthlib-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kb)
collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6
downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 77 kb 42 kb/s
collecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2
downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 178 kb 47 kb/s
collecting idna<3,>=2.5
downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 58 kb 31 kb/s
collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
downloading urllib3-1.26.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (136 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 136 kb 33 kb/s
collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 147 kb 26 kb/s
collecting oauthlib>=3.0.0
downloading oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kb)
|████████████████████████████████| 147 kb 36 kb/s
using legacy ‘setup.py install' for termcolor, since package ‘wheel' is not installed.
using legacy ‘setup.py install' for wrapt, since package ‘wheel' is not installed.
installing collected packages: urllib3, pyasn1, idna, chardet, certifi, six, rsa, requests, pyasn1-modules, oauthlib, cachetools, requests-oauthlib, google-auth, wheel, werkzeug, tensorboard-plugin-wit, protobuf, numpy, markdown, grpcio, google-auth-oauthlib, absl-py, wrapt, typing-extensions, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, tensorboard, opt-einsum, keras-preprocessing, h5py, google-pasta, gast, flatbuffers, astunparse, tensorflow
running setup.py install for wrapt … done
running setup.py install for termcolor … done
successfully installed absl-py-0.11.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-4.2.1 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-4.0.0 flatbuffers-1.12 gast-0.3.3 google-auth-1.24.0 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.2 google-pasta-0.2.0 grpcio-1.32.0 h5py-2.10.0 idna-2.10 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 markdown-3.3.3 numpy-1.19.5 oauthlib-3.1.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 protobuf-3.14.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.25.1 requests-oauthlib-1.3.0 rsa-4.7 six-1.15.0 tensorboard-2.4.1 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.8.0 tensorflow-2.4.1 tensorflow-estimator-2.4.0 termcolor-1.1.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 urllib3-1.26.2 werkzeug-1.0.1 wheel-0.36.2 wrapt-1.12.1

8、验证tensoflow2是否安装成功

1、查看安装模块及版本

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 show tensorflow
name: tensorflow
version: 2.4.1
summary: tensorflow is an open source machine learning framework for everyone.
home-page: https://www.tensorflow.org/
author: google inc.
author-email: [e-mail]
license: apache 2.0
location: /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages
requires: typing-extensions, google-pasta, protobuf, wrapt, gast, tensorboard, opt-einsum, flatbuffers, numpy, wheel, astunparse, keras-preprocessing, six, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, grpcio, absl-py, h5py
required-by:

2、查看import tensorflow是否报错

3、使用tensorflow打印hello,tensorflow

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3
python 3.8.5 (default, jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)
[gcc 9.3.0] on linux
type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.
>>> import os
>>> os.environ[‘tf_cpp_min_log_level'] = ‘2'
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tf.compat.v1.disable_eager_execution()
>>> hello = tf.constant(‘hello, tensorflow!')
>>> sess = tf.compat.v1.session()
>>> print(sess.run(hello))
b'hello, tensorflow!'

三、faq

1、import tensorflow时报错无法加载动态库libcudart.so.11.0

解决方法：
在import tensorflow as tf语句前加上如下语句

import os
os.environ[‘tf_cpp_min_log_level'] = ‘2'
import tensorflow as tf

2、报错session属性找不到

原因：
报错attributeerror: module ‘tensorflow' has no attribute ‘session'。这其实不是安装错误，是因为在新的tensorflow 2.0版本中已经移除了session这一模块。
解决方法：
改换运行代码，tf.compat.v1.session()

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