【NGINX】1、在Linux下安装nginx（以阿里云ECS CentOS7为例）

说点废话先~

着急直接往下看~~~

从业数年，总感觉自己很NB要上天，但时间越久学的越多，越感觉自己会的越少。慢慢的也不再年少轻狂了，静下心却发现自己会的东西并没有形成一个体系，于是学会了谦虚。仅仅谦虚是没有用的，所以从今天起整理一下自己的笔记吧，希望能够早一天架起自己对于软件体系的认知。

另：如有曲解，敬请斧正。

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一、工欲善其事，必先利其器。

既然是要安装nginx，那就先准备好安装和运行nginx所需要的环境吧！~

这是非常重要且必须的，就比如运行tomcat却没有安装jdk，只安装软件不考虑环境的基础是不现实的。

所需要的组件大致是以下四个：gcc-c++(编译器)  zlib(数据压缩函式库)  pcre(正则表达式库)  openssl(安全通信的软件包)

通过以下命令一键安装所有依赖：

yum -y install gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

二、下载安装包。

我们到nginx官网(http://nginx.org/en/download.html)可以看到安装包有一沓，选哪个好呢？生产环境建议使用stable版本的，如果是新版尝鲜，当然还是选择Mainline版本的~

按F12查看下载地址，得到http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz。

回到centOS命令行，输入以下命令：

在临时目录下创建nginx目录。

mkdir /tmp/nginx

切换到该目录下。

cd /tmp/nginx/

并从服务器直接下载该压缩包。

此步骤如果提示 ： -bash: wget: command not found，需要先执行代码yum -y install wget

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

到此为止安装包就下载完成了！~

三、解压、配置、编译、安装

首先执行解压命令，这个命令不要完全照抄，看看你的文件名对不对，小心解压失败！~

tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

现在我们得到一个名称为nginx-1.16.1的目录，它位于/tmp/nginx下，我们执行以下命令切换过去~

cd nginx-1.16.1

接下来我们可以配置程序，编译并安装。

执行以下命令，以默认配置编译、安装：

./configure && make && make install

四、启动nginx

安装完之后，进入默认的安装目录(/usr/local/nginx)可以看到已经装好的nginx。

cd /usr/local/nginx

启动

./sbin/nginx

到此为止nginx已经安装并启动。如果需要重新加载配置文件，需要使用下边的命令，当然需要在/usr/local/nginx下执行：

./sbin/nginx -s reload

至于停止的方法已经记不清楚了，在我看来所有的linux服务都只有一种停止方法~~~

五、关于安装时的配置

尽管./configure 在该文中并没有使用任何配置参数，但是这并不代表没有参数。

这些参数如何使用，在文档末尾也已经给出样例，我在此文中放到此处：

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以下的参数摘自nginx官方文档，原文连接为http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html。

Example of parameters usage (all of this needs to be typed in one line):

./configure
    --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
    --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
    --with-http_ssl_module
    --with-pcre=../pcre-8.43
    --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11

 

After configuration, nginx is compiled and installed using make.

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以下的参数摘自nginx官方文档，原文连接为http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html。

--help

prints a help message.

 

 

--prefix=path

defines a directory that will keep server files. This same directory will also be used for all relative paths set by configure (except for paths to libraries sources) and in the nginx.conf configuration file. It is set to the /usr/local/nginx directory by default.

--sbin-path=path

sets the name of an nginx executable file. This name is used only during installation. By default the file is named prefix/sbin/nginx.

--modules-path=path

defines a directory where nginx dynamic modules will be installed. By default the prefix/modules directory is used.

--conf-path=path

sets the name of an nginx.conf configuration file. If needs be, nginx can always be started with a different configuration file, by specifying it in the command-line parameter -c file. By default the file is named prefix/conf/nginx.conf.

--error-log-path=path

sets the name of the primary error, warnings, and diagnostic file. After installation, the file name can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the error_log directive. By default the file is named prefix/logs/error.log.

--pid-path=path

sets the name of an nginx.pid file that will store the process ID of the main process. After installation, the file name can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the pid directive. By default the file is named prefix/logs/nginx.pid.

--lock-path=path

sets a prefix for the names of lock files. After installation, the value can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the lock_file directive. By default the value is prefix/logs/nginx.lock.

 

 

--user=name

sets the name of an unprivileged user whose credentials will be used by worker processes. After installation, the name can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the user directive. The default user name is nobody.

--group=name

sets the name of a group whose credentials will be used by worker processes. After installation, the name can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the user directive. By default, a group name is set to the name of an unprivileged user.

 

 

--build=name

sets an optional nginx build name.

--builddir=path

sets a build directory.

 

 

--with-select_module
--without-select_module

enables or disables building a module that allows the server to work with the select() method. This module is built automatically if the platform does not appear to support more appropriate methods such as kqueue, epoll, or /dev/poll.

--with-poll_module
--without-poll_module

enables or disables building a module that allows the server to work with the poll() method. This module is built automatically if the platform does not appear to support more appropriate methods such as kqueue, epoll, or /dev/poll.

--with-threads

enables the use of thread pools.

--with-file-aio

enables the use of asynchronous file I/O (AIO) on FreeBSD and Linux.

 

 

--with-http_ssl_module

enables building a module that adds the HTTPS protocol support to an HTTP server. This module is not built by default. The OpenSSL library is required to build and run this module.

--with-http_v2_module

enables building a module that provides support for HTTP/2. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_realip_module

enables building the ngx_http_realip_module module that changes the client address to the address sent in the specified header field. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_addition_module

enables building the ngx_http_addition_module module that adds text before and after a response. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_xslt_module
--with-http_xslt_module=dynamic

enables building the ngx_http_xslt_module module that transforms XML responses using one or more XSLT stylesheets. This module is not built by default. The libxml2 and libxslt libraries are required to build and run this module.

--with-http_image_filter_module
--with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic

enables building the ngx_http_image_filter_module module that transforms images in JPEG, GIF, PNG, and WebP formats. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_geoip_module
--with-http_geoip_module=dynamic

enables building the ngx_http_geoip_module module that creates variables depending on the client IP address and the precompiled MaxMind databases. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_sub_module

enables building the ngx_http_sub_module module that modifies a response by replacing one specified string by another. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_dav_module

enables building the ngx_http_dav_module module that provides file management automation via the WebDAV protocol. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_flv_module

enables building the ngx_http_flv_module module that provides pseudo-streaming server-side support for Flash Video (FLV) files. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_mp4_module

enables building the ngx_http_mp4_module module that provides pseudo-streaming server-side support for MP4 files. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_gunzip_module

enables building the ngx_http_gunzip_module module that decompresses responses with “Content-Encoding: gzip” for clients that do not support “gzip” encoding method. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_gzip_static_module

enables building the ngx_http_gzip_static_module module that enables sending precompressed files with the “.gz” filename extension instead of regular files. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_auth_request_module

enables building the ngx_http_auth_request_module module that implements client authorization based on the result of a subrequest. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_random_index_module

enables building the ngx_http_random_index_module module that processes requests ending with the slash character (‘/’) and picks a random file in a directory to serve as an index file. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_secure_link_module

enables building the ngx_http_secure_link_module module. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_degradation_module

enables building the ngx_http_degradation_module module. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_slice_module

enables building the ngx_http_slice_module module that splits a request into subrequests, each returning a certain range of response. The module provides more effective caching of big responses. This module is not built by default.

--with-http_stub_status_module

enables building the ngx_http_stub_status_module module that provides access to basic status information. This module is not built by default.

 

 

--without-http_charset_module

disables building the ngx_http_charset_module module that adds the specified charset to the “Content-Type” response header field and can additionally convert data from one charset to another.

--without-http_gzip_module

disables building a module that compresses responses of an HTTP server. The zlib library is required to build and run this module.

--without-http_ssi_module

disables building the ngx_http_ssi_module module that processes SSI (Server Side Includes) commands in responses passing through it.

--without-http_userid_module

disables building the ngx_http_userid_module module that sets cookies suitable for client identification.

--without-http_access_module

disables building the ngx_http_access_module module that allows limiting access to certain client addresses.

--without-http_auth_basic_module

disables building the ngx_http_auth_basic_module module that allows limiting access to resources by validating the user name and password using the “HTTP Basic Authentication” protocol.

--without-http_mirror_module

disables building the ngx_http_mirror_module module that implements mirroring of an original request by creating background mirror subrequests.

--without-http_autoindex_module

disables building the ngx_http_autoindex_module module that processes requests ending with the slash character (‘/’) and produces a directory listing in case the ngx_http_index_module module cannot find an index file.

--without-http_geo_module

disables building the ngx_http_geo_module module that creates variables with values depending on the client IP address.

--without-http_map_module

disables building the ngx_http_map_module module that creates variables with values depending on values of other variables.

--without-http_split_clients_module

disables building the ngx_http_split_clients_module module that creates variables for A/B testing.

--without-http_referer_module

disables building the ngx_http_referer_module module that can block access to a site for requests with invalid values in the “Referer” header field.

--without-http_rewrite_module

disables building a module that allows an HTTP server to redirect requests and change URI of requests. The PCRE library is required to build and run this module.

--without-http_proxy_module

disables building an HTTP server proxying module.

--without-http_fastcgi_module

disables building the ngx_http_fastcgi_module module that passes requests to a FastCGI server.

--without-http_uwsgi_module

disables building the ngx_http_uwsgi_module module that passes requests to a uwsgi server.

--without-http_scgi_module

disables building the ngx_http_scgi_module module that passes requests to an SCGI server.

--without-http_grpc_module

disables building the ngx_http_grpc_module module that passes requests to a gRPC server.

--without-http_memcached_module

disables building the ngx_http_memcached_module module that obtains responses from a memcached server.

--without-http_limit_conn_module

disables building the ngx_http_limit_conn_module module that limits the number of connections per key, for example, the number of connections from a single IP address.

--without-http_limit_req_module

disables building the ngx_http_limit_req_module module that limits the request processing rate per key, for example, the processing rate of requests coming from a single IP address.

--without-http_empty_gif_module

disables building a module that emits single-pixel transparent GIF.

--without-http_browser_module

disables building the ngx_http_browser_module module that creates variables whose values depend on the value of the “User-Agent” request header field.

--without-http_upstream_hash_module

disables building a module that implements the hash load balancing method.

--without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module

disables building a module that implements the ip_hash load balancing method.

--without-http_upstream_least_conn_module

disables building a module that implements the least_conn load balancing method.

--without-http_upstream_keepalive_module

disables building a module that provides caching of connections to upstream servers.

--without-http_upstream_zone_module

disables building a module that makes it possible to store run-time state of an upstream group in a shared memory zone.

 

 

--with-http_perl_module
--with-http_perl_module=dynamic

enables building the embedded Perl module. This module is not built by default.

--with-perl_modules_path=path

defines a directory that will keep Perl modules.

--with-perl=path

sets the name of the Perl binary.

 

 

--http-log-path=path

sets the name of the primary request log file of the HTTP server. After installation, the file name can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the access_log directive. By default the file is named prefix/logs/access.log.

--http-client-body-temp-path=path

defines a directory for storing temporary files that hold client request bodies. After installation, the directory can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the client_body_temp_path directive. By default the directory is named prefix/client_body_temp.

--http-proxy-temp-path=path

defines a directory for storing temporary files with data received from proxied servers. After installation, the directory can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the proxy_temp_path directive. By default the directory is named prefix/proxy_temp.

--http-fastcgi-temp-path=path

defines a directory for storing temporary files with data received from FastCGI servers. After installation, the directory can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the fastcgi_temp_path directive. By default the directory is named prefix/fastcgi_temp.

--http-uwsgi-temp-path=path

defines a directory for storing temporary files with data received from uwsgi servers. After installation, the directory can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the uwsgi_temp_path directive. By default the directory is named prefix/uwsgi_temp.

--http-scgi-temp-path=path

defines a directory for storing temporary files with data received from SCGI servers. After installation, the directory can always be changed in the nginx.conf configuration file using the scgi_temp_path directive. By default the directory is named prefix/scgi_temp.

 

 

--without-http

disables the HTTP server.

--without-http-cache

disables HTTP cache.

 

 

--with-mail
--with-mail=dynamic

enables POP3/IMAP4/SMTP mail proxy server.

--with-mail_ssl_module

enables building a module that adds the SSL/TLS protocol support to the mail proxy server. This module is not built by default. The OpenSSL library is required to build and run this module.

--without-mail_pop3_module

disables the POP3 protocol in mail proxy server.

--without-mail_imap_module

disables the IMAP protocol in mail proxy server.

--without-mail_smtp_module

disables the SMTP protocol in mail proxy server.

 

 

--with-stream
--with-stream=dynamic

enables building the stream module for generic TCP/UDP proxying and load balancing. This module is not built by default.

--with-stream_ssl_module

enables building a module that adds the SSL/TLS protocol support to the stream module. This module is not built by default. The OpenSSL library is required to build and run this module.

--with-stream_realip_module

enables building the ngx_stream_realip_module module that changes the client address to the address sent in the PROXY protocol header. This module is not built by default.

--with-stream_geoip_module
--with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic

enables building the ngx_stream_geoip_module module that creates variables depending on the client IP address and the precompiled MaxMind databases. This module is not built by default.

--with-stream_ssl_preread_module

enables building the ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module module that allows extracting information from the ClientHello message without terminating SSL/TLS. This module is not built by default.

--without-stream_limit_conn_module

disables building the ngx_stream_limit_conn_module module that limits the number of connections per key, for example, the number of connections from a single IP address.

--without-stream_access_module

disables building the ngx_stream_access_module module that allows limiting access to certain client addresses.

--without-stream_geo_module

disables building the ngx_stream_geo_module module that creates variables with values depending on the client IP address.

--without-stream_map_module

disables building the ngx_stream_map_module module that creates variables with values depending on values of other variables.

--without-stream_split_clients_module

disables building the ngx_stream_split_clients_module module that creates variables for A/B testing.

--without-stream_return_module

disables building the ngx_stream_return_module module that sends some specified value to the client and then closes the connection.

--without-stream_upstream_hash_module

disables building a module that implements the hash load balancing method.

--without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module

disables building a module that implements the least_conn load balancing method.

--without-stream_upstream_zone_module

disables building a module that makes it possible to store run-time state of an upstream group in a shared memory zone.

 

 

--with-google_perftools_module

enables building the ngx_google_perftools_module module that enables profiling of nginx worker processes using Google Performance Tools. The module is intended for nginx developers and is not built by default.

--with-cpp_test_module

enables building the ngx_cpp_test_module module.

 

 

--add-module=path

enables an external module.

--add-dynamic-module=path

enables an external dynamic module.

 

 

--with-compat

enables dynamic modules compatibility.

 

 

--with-cc=path

sets the name of the C compiler.

--with-cpp=path

sets the name of the C preprocessor.

--with-cc-opt=parameters

sets additional parameters that will be added to the CFLAGS variable. When using the system PCRE library under FreeBSD, --with-cc-opt="-I /usr/local/include" should be specified. If the number of files supported by select() needs to be increased it can also be specified here such as this: --with-cc-opt="-D FD_SETSIZE=2048".

--with-ld-opt=parameters

sets additional parameters that will be used during linking. When using the system PCRE library under FreeBSD, --with-ld-opt="-L /usr/local/lib" should be specified.

--with-cpu-opt=cpu

enables building per specified CPU: pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4, athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64.

 

 

--without-pcre

disables the usage of the PCRE library.

--with-pcre

forces the usage of the PCRE library.

--with-pcre=path

sets the path to the sources of the PCRE library. The library distribution (version 4.4 — 8.43) needs to be downloaded from the PCRE site and extracted. The rest is done by nginx’s ./configure and make. The library is required for regular expressions support in the location directive and for the ngx_http_rewrite_module module.

--with-pcre-opt=parameters

sets additional build options for PCRE.

--with-pcre-jit

builds the PCRE library with “just-in-time compilation” support (1.1.12, the pcre_jit directive).

 

 

--with-zlib=path

sets the path to the sources of the zlib library. The library distribution (version 1.1.3 — 1.2.11) needs to be downloaded from the zlib site and extracted. The rest is done by nginx’s ./configure and make. The library is required for the ngx_http_gzip_module module.

--with-zlib-opt=parameters

sets additional build options for zlib.

--with-zlib-asm=cpu

enables the use of the zlib assembler sources optimized for one of the specified CPUs: pentium, pentiumpro.

 

 

--with-libatomic

forces the libatomic_ops library usage.

--with-libatomic=path

sets the path to the libatomic_ops library sources.

 

 

--with-openssl=path

sets the path to the OpenSSL library sources.

--with-openssl-opt=parameters

sets additional build options for OpenSSL.

 

 

--with-debug

enables the debugging log.