oracle数据与文本导入导出源码示例

oracle提供了sqlldr的工具，有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现。

方便的实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle。

一、导出数据到txt

用all_objects表做测试

sql> desc all_objects;
 name                   null?  type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 owner                   not null varchar2(30)
 object_name                not null varchar2(30)
 subobject_name                   varchar2(30)
 object_id                 not null number
 data_object_id                   number
 object_type                    varchar2(19)
 created                  not null date
 last_ddl_time               not null date
 timestamp                     varchar2(19)
 status                       varchar2(7)
 temporary                     varchar2(1)
 generated                     varchar2(1)
 secondary                     varchar2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试。

一些设置满足数据导出的样式：

vi exp_table.sql

set line 1000     --设置行的长度
set pagesize 0    --输出不换页
set feedback off   --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈
set heading off    --不显示表头信息
set trimspool on   --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on     --去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　  --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on
set colsep '|'     --设置分隔符
set termout off    --不在屏幕上显示结果
spool db1.txt     --记录数据到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --导出数据语句
spool off       --收集完毕
exit

一切就绪后导出数据：

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql 
sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 16:35:14 2013
copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
disconnected from oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|icol$
44|i_user1
28|con$
15|undo$
29|c_cobj#
3|i_obj#
25|proxy_role_data$

导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test
sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 16:36:21 2013
copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> select count(*) from all_objects;
 count(*)
----------
   49988 --数据正确

二、从txt导入数据到oracle

sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据

建立一张测试表

sql> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));
table created.

建立一个control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

load data         
infile 'db1.txt'      --数据来源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr  --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖
fields terminated by "|"  --4、字段终止于x'09'，是一个制表符(tab)
(id,name)          --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序

导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：

append // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面

insert // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值

replace // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除

truncate // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据

执行导入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的数据短短2s解决

执行导入后验证数据

sql> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
 count(*)
----------
   49988

导入成功

再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加：

sql> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
 count(*)
----------
   99976

记录翻倍

sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可。

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr
sql*loader: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 17:07:26 2013
copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle. all rights reserved.

usage: sqlldr keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
valid keywords:
  userid -- oracle username/password      
  control -- control file name         
    log -- log file name           
    bad -- bad file name           
   data -- data file name           
  discard -- discard file name         
discardmax -- number of discards to allow     (default all)
   skip -- number of logical records to skip  (default 0)
   load -- number of logical records to load  (default all)
  errors -- number of errors to allow      (default 50)
   rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
        (default: conventional path 64, direct path all)
 bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (default 256000)
  silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
  direct -- use direct path           (default false)
  parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
 parallel -- do parallel load           (default false)
   file -- file to allocate extents from   
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (default false)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (default false)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (default false)
 readsize -- size of read buffer         (default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; not_used, generate_only, execute (default not_used)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path 
 resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (default false)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for resumable (default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (default 1000)
please note: command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. an example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. one may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. for example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.

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