【MIT6.828】xv6系统中的spinlock（自旋锁）

自旋锁是专为防止多处理器并发而引入的一种锁，它在内核中大量应用于中断处理等部分（对于单处理器来说，防止中断处理中的并发可简单采用关闭中断的方式，即在标志寄存器中关闭/打开中断标志位，不需要自旋锁）。

Xv6是由麻省理工学院(MIT)为操作系统工程的课程（代号6.828）,开发的一个教学目的的操作系统。Xv6是在x86处理器上(x即指x86)用ANSI标准C重新实现的Unix第六版(Unix V6，通常直接被称为V6)。

spinglock的使用

以文件的操作为例。
file.c中初始化一个spinlock

void
fileinit(void)
{
  initlock(&ftable.lock, "ftable");
}

file.c中申请锁和释放锁的源码

// Increment ref count for file f.
struct file*
filedup(struct file *f)
{
  acquire(&ftable.lock);
  if(f->ref < 1)
    panic("filedup");
  f->ref++;
  release(&ftable.lock);
  return f;
}

spinlock源码

初始化部分

spinlock.c初始化锁的源码

void
initlock(struct spinlock *lk, char *name)
{
  lk->name = name;
  lk->locked = 0;
  lk->cpu = 0;
}

获取锁

spinlock.c获取锁源码

// Acquire the lock.
// Loops (spins) until the lock is acquired.
// Holding a lock for a long time may cause
// other CPUs to waste time spinning to acquire it.
void
acquire(struct spinlock *lk)
{
  pushcli(); // disable interrupts to avoid deadlock.
  if(holding(lk))
    panic("acquire");

  // The xchg is atomic.
  while(xchg(&lk->locked, 1) != 0)
    ;

  // Tell the C compiler and the processor to not move loads or stores
  // past this point, to ensure that the critical section's memory
  // references happen after the lock is acquired.
  __sync_synchronize();

  // Record info about lock acquisition for debugging.
  lk->cpu = mycpu();
  getcallerpcs(&lk, lk->pcs);
}

其中，xchg方法来自x86.h，是一种硬件特性，原子性操作如何保障的，只有处理器知道。

static inline uint
xchg(volatile uint *addr, uint newval)
{
  uint result;

  // The + in "+m" denotes a read-modify-write operand.
  asm volatile("lock; xchgl %0, %1" :
               "+m" (*addr), "=a" (result) :
               "1" (newval) :
               "cc");
  return result;
}

释放锁

spinlock.c释放锁源码

// Release the lock.
void
release(struct spinlock *lk)
{
  if(!holding(lk))
    panic("release");

  lk->pcs[0] = 0;
  lk->cpu = 0;

  // Tell the C compiler and the processor to not move loads or stores
  // past this point, to ensure that all the stores in the critical
  // section are visible to other cores before the lock is released.
  // Both the C compiler and the hardware may re-order loads and
  // stores; __sync_synchronize() tells them both not to.
  __sync_synchronize();

  // Release the lock, equivalent to lk->locked = 0.
  // This code can't use a C assignment, since it might
  // not be atomic. A real OS would use C atomics here.
  asm volatile("movl $0, %0" : "+m" (lk->locked) : );

  popcli();
}