Mac下安装配置Tomcat 9, Homebrew安装Tomcat

1. 下载

登录Apache Tomcat官网，地址 http://tomcat.apache.org ，点击左边的Download，选择需要下载的版本。

2. 解压，打开Terminal定位到bin目录

解压后的目录名字为apache-tomcat-9.0.31

% cd /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/bin 

3. 启动Tomcat

3.1 启动Tomcat的前提是安装好java sdk，先看看本地安装java版本

% java -version
java version "1.8.0_172"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_172-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.172-b11, mixed mode)

3.2 第一次启动会遇到没有权限的问题

% ./startup.sh 
zsh: permission denied: ./startup.sh

3.3 给目录下所有的可执行命令*.sh 添加可执行权限。

% sudo chmod 755 *.sh

3.4对比*.sh与其它执行文件的权限区别

% ll
total 1728
-rw-r--r--@ 1 zgpeace  staff    34K Feb  5 19:33 bootstrap.jar
-rw-r--r--@ 1 zgpeace  staff   1.7K Feb  5 19:33 catalina-tasks.xml
-rw-r--r--@ 1 zgpeace  staff    16K Feb  5 19:33 catalina.bat
[e-mail] 1 zgpeace  staff    23K Feb  5 19:34 catalina.sh

权限说明：

1. 第一个栏位，表示文件的属性。Linux的文件基本上分为三个属性：可读（r），可写（w），可执行（x）。
2. 紧接着的3*3个字符分3组，各指示此文件的读、写、执行权限，对于owner、group、others而言。

因为Linux是多用户多任务系统，所以一个文件可能同时被许多人使用，所以我们一定要设好每个文件的权限，其文件的权限位置排列顺序是（以-rwxr-xr-x为例）：

 rwx(Owner)r-x(Group)r-x(Other)　

3.5 再次启动Tomcat，成功

% ./startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home
Using CLASSPATH:       /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

3.6 Chrome访问http://localhost:8080/
3.7 停止Tomcat

% ./shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home
Using CLASSPATH:       /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/zgpeace/Workspace/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

验证，再次访问链接http://localhost:8080/失败

% curl http://localhost:8080/
curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 8080: Connection refused

4. 运行自己打包的代码

比如从IDEA中导出SpringBoot的war包，放到Tomcat/webapps/下面， 启动Tomcat后会自动加压为文件夹，比如笔者放了demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war， 启动后自动解压为demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
启动Tomcat后./startup.sh, 访问路径要代码文件夹的名字。结果如下：

5. Tomcat的目录结构及作用

1. |- bin:存放tomcat的命令。

catalina.sh命令：
startup.sh-> catalina.sh start
shutdown.sh- > catalina.sh stop

2. |- conf:存放tomcat的配置信息。其中server.xml文件是核心的配置文件。

3. |-lib：支持tomcat软件运行的jar包。其中还有技术支持包，如servlet，jsp

4. |-logs：运行过程的日志信息

5. |-temp:临时目录

6. |-webapps：共享资源目录。web应用目录。（注意不能以单独的文件进行共享）

7. |-work：tomcat的运行目录。jsp运行时产生的临时文件就存放在这里

8. |- WebRoot :web应用的根目录

   8.1 |-静态资源（html+css+js+image+vedio）

   8.2 |-WEB-INF：固定写法。

   8.3 |-classes：（可选）固定写法。存放class字节码文件

   8.4 |-lib：（可选）固定写法。存放jar包文件。

   8.5 |-web.xml

   >注意：
   1）WEB-INF目录里面的资源不能通过浏览器直接访问
   2）如果希望访问到WEB-INF里面的资源，就必须把资源配置到一个叫web.xml的文件中
   

6. Homebrew 安装Tomcat

6.1 安装Tomcat指令

brew install tomcat
# 指定版本9
brew install tomcat@9

6.2 如果Hombrew版本太旧，请先升级

% brew -v
Homebrew 2.1.9
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 8cb6a; last commit 2020-02-27)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision c7f16; last commit 2020-02-27)
9:34 zgpeace@zgpeaces-MBP /Users/zgpeace/Workspace/Tomcat
% brew update
Already up-to-date.

6.3 安装具体细节

% brew install tomcat@9
Updating Homebrew...
==> Installing dependencies for tomcat: openjdk
==> Installing tomcat dependency: openjdk
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openjdk-13.0.2+8_2.catalina
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/65/65adca036393f528e3830cab8b0aa
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openjdk-13.0.2+8_2.catalina.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
For the system Java wrappers to find this JDK, symlink it with
  sudo ln -sfn /usr/local/opt/openjdk/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk

openjdk is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have openjdk first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find openjdk you may need to set:
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openjdk/include"

==> Summary
????  /usr/local/Cellar/openjdk/13.0.2+8_2: 631 files, 314.6MB
==> Installing tomcat
==> Downloading https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua?path=tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.
==> Downloading from http://mirrors.gigenet.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.31/b
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Caveats
To have launchd start tomcat now and restart at login:
  brew services start tomcat
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  catalina run
==> Summary
????  /usr/local/Cellar/tomcat/9.0.31_1: 642 files, 14.9MB, built in 57 seconds
==> `brew cleanup` has not been run in 30 days, running now...
Removing: /Users/zgpeace/Library/Caches/Homebrew/ios-webkit-debug-proxy--1.8.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz... (139.7KB)
Removing: /Users/zgpeace/Library/Caches/Homebrew/libtasn1--4.14.mojave.bottle.tar.gz... (120.4KB)
Removing: /Users/zgpeace/Library/Logs/Homebrew/carthage... (64B)
Pruned 2 symbolic links from /usr/local
==> Caveats
==> openjdk
For the system Java wrappers to find this JDK, symlink it with
  sudo ln -sfn /usr/local/opt/openjdk/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk

openjdk is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have openjdk first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find openjdk you may need to set:
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openjdk/include"

==> tomcat
To have launchd start tomcat now and restart at login:
  brew services start tomcat
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  catalina run

6.4 启动Tomcat， 访问http://localhost:8080/成功

catalina run

6.5 上面Tomcat启动会有log在控制台，关掉控制台后Tomcat停止。下面方法为优雅的启动、停止Tomca。

#启动
% catalina start
#停止
% catalina stop

6.6 Homebrew services启动、停止Tomcat

#启动
brew services start tomcat
#停止
brew services stop tomcat

参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/kongzhongqijing/p/3488884.html

https://docs.brew.sh/FAQ

https://medium.com/@fahimhossain_16989/installing-apache-tomcat-on-macos-mojave-using-homebrew-28ce039b4b2e