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C# 中的大多数语句都是直接从 C 和 C++ 借用的，但有一些值得注意的添加和修改。下表列出了可用的语句类型，并提供了每种类型的示例。
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语句
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示例
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语句列表和块语句
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static void Main() {
F();
G();
{
H();
I();
}
}
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标记语句和 goto 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
if (args.Length == 0)
goto done;
Console.WriteLine(args.Length);
done:
Console.WriteLine("Done");
}
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局部常数声明
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static void Main() {
const float pi = 3.14f;
const int r = 123;
Console.WriteLine(pi * r * r);
}
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局部变量声明
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static void Main() {
int a;
int b = 2, c = 3;
a = 1;
Console.WriteLine(a + b + c);
}
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表达式语句
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static int F(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
static void Main() {
F(1, 2); // Expression statement
}
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if 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
if (args.Length == 0)
Console.WriteLine("No args");
else
Console.WriteLine("Args");
}
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switch 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
switch (args.Length) {
case 0:
Console.WriteLine("No args");
break;
case 1:
Console.WriteLine("One arg ");
break;
default:
int n = args.Length;
Console.WriteLine("{0} args", n);
break;
}
}
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while 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
int i = 0;
while (i < args.Length) {
Console.WriteLine(args[i]);
i++;
}
}
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do 语句
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static void Main() {
string s;
do { s = Console.ReadLine(); }
while (s != "Exit");
}
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for 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine(args[i]);
}
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foreach 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
foreach (string s in args)
Console.WriteLine(s);
}
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break 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
int i = 0;
while (true) {
if (i == args.Length)
break;
Console.WriteLine(args[i++]);
}
}
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continue 语句
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static void Main(string[] args) {
int i = 0;
while (true) {
Console.WriteLine(args[i++]);
if (i < args.Length)
continue;
break;
}
}
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return 语句
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static int F(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine(F(1, 2));
return;
}
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throw 语句和 try 语句
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static int F(int a, int b) {
if (b == 0)
throw new Exception("Divide by zero");
return a / b;
}
static void Main() {
try {
Console.WriteLine(F(5, 0));
}
catch(Exception e) {
Console.WriteLine("Error");
}
}
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checked 和 unchecked 语句
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static void Main() {
int x = Int32.MaxValue;
Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Overflow
checked {
Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Exception
}
unchecked {
Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Overflow
}
}
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lock 语句
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static void Main() {
A a = ...;
lock(a) {
a.P = a.P + 1;
}
}
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using statements
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static void Main() {
using (Resource r = new Resource()) {
r.F();
}
}
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